1. How well did the Bill of Rights address the concerns of the Anti-Federalists?

2. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Recap
Work on Constitution ratification, 1787
Federalists supported constitution
Stressed weakness of Articles of Confederation
Only stronger central government would solve current problems
Anti-Federalists opposed constitution
Opposed increased power of central government
Opposed lack of a bill of rights that guaranteed individual freedoms
Opposed 9 state ratification process

3. The Role of the Bill Rights
Anti-federalists were willing to compromise for Bill of Rights
Guarantee essential freedoms for Americans
Federalists promised to add Bill of Rights to Constitution to gain support for ratification
Constitution ratified in 1788
9/13 ratified
Work on Bill of Rights begins shortly after:
Amendments introduced, 1789
Bill of Rights ratified by 1791

4. How well did the Bill of Rights address the concerns of the Anti-Federalists?

5. Keep Religion Out of Politics
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
No church or religion recognized as national religion by central government
Designed to promote unity between people by allowing them to keep personal beliefs
Without a say in religion, central government could hopefully be kept separate from religion

6. Keeping Government in Check
1st Amendment Freedom of speech and freedom of press clauses
Allows people to speak against government
Allows people to publish information about the government
2nd Amendment Right to bear arms
Viewed as essential to avoid oppressive governments
Guns protect individuals from tyrants
However, at the time, people had muskets…not machine guns...
Should this right come without restrictions?

7. Protection from Intrusion
3rd Amendment
Citizens not required to house soldiers

8. Due Process Amendments
4th Amendment
Law enforcement cannot search or seize property without probably cause or warrant
5th Amendment
Innocent until proven guilty
Cannot testify against self
Cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
6th Amendment
Entitled to trial by jury in criminal cases
Accused must be informed of nature of accusation
Must be able to have lawyer and ability to face witnesses
7th Amendment
Trial by jury in civil cases
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment

9. Rights Retained by People and States
9th Amendment
Right not guaranteed in Bill of Rights are not eliminated
10th Amendment
Any right not given to central government belongs to states