1. Truman and Containment
And The Korean War
Truman and Containment
Lecture 1

2. Standard
Understand the role of military alliances including NATO and SEATO in deterring communist aggression and maintaining security during the Cold War.
Essential Question: What 3 events proved that the US was determined to stop the spread of Communism?

3. “I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” -Albert Einstein

4. Iron Curtain USA V. USSR for WORLD DOMINATION Satellite States
Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East to “help” restore government order
Buffer Zone
Iron Curtain
communication and travel between eastern and western Europe stopped
Berlin = representation of the division between East and West

5. Iron Curtain

6. Capitalism V. Socialism
the government decided what to make and how much to make
shortages, starvation, and a weak economy
little incentive to work or achieve

7. Democracy V. Totalitarianism
Soviets did not allow freedom of expression (speech, press or religion)
“Big Brother is watching”
Confessional Arrests

8. Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine, 1947 Containment Domino Theory
Communists might take over Greece and Turkey
Truman promised financial or economic aid to any European nation threatened by communism
Pick a Side: USA or USSR
Containment
Domino Theory

9. Marshall Plan Marshall Plan, 1947
the US sent $12.5 billion in aid to help western Europe rebuild

10. Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift, 1948 Stalin closed Berlin to the West
hoped to starve out western Berlin
Supplies airlifted to West Berlin daily for 231 days
277,264 flights in 231 days
2,250,000 tons of goods including food and coal
300 tons per day

11. NATO and Warsaw North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949
12 Western European nations and the US formed alliance to check communist expansion
Greece and Turkey joined in 1952
West Germany joined in 1955
Warsaw Pact, 1950
USSR and allies formed their own “NATO” in Poland

12. SEATO South-East Asian Treaty Organization, 1954
sought containment in Asia, it dissolved in 1977
8 nations joined—Australia, Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the US
showed growing commitment by the US to fight communism

13. Jieshi V. Zedong Jiang Jieshi v. Mao Zedong
China “fell” to communism under Mao in 1949
China and USSR became allies
Americans felt that containment was failing
Jiang Jieshi and the National government fled to Taiwan

14. Capitalist Communists in North Korea
Supported by China/Soviet Union- invades South Korea (1950)
Capitalists in South Korea- supported by US sent General MacArthur in to lead the UN troops after Northern Communists invaded
Communist
Capitalist
MacArthur calls for nuclear attack~ Fired

15. 38th Parallel 38th Parallel North Korea = Communist
South Korea = Capitalist
the UN established division at the 38th parallel
North Korea invaded South Korea
the Senate consented to send US troops under the UN to prevent the “domino effect”
Douglas MacArthur named UN commander

16. June 1950
July 1950
Sept. 1950
June 1951

17. Limited War Limited War
Truman ordered MacArthur to hold 38th parallel but not to advance past it
Nukes
MacArthur publicly criticized Truman’s “limited war”
Truman fired MacArthur
“the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”
General MacArthur

18. The DMZ Demilitarized Zone, 1953
a cease fire was signed between North Korea and the US under Eisenhower
South Korea did not sign it
technically, they are still at war
no army may occupy the border between the two Koreas
both nations and the US have troops stationed at the edge of the DMZ

19. Two Very Different Koreas
North Korea = Communist
Kim IL Sung emphasized self-reliance
Kept N. Korea isolated and poor
Glorified “Great Leader”
Propaganda
South Korea = Capitalist
Syngman Rhee
Middle class prospered
Direct Elections held
Successful transition into democracy