1. The Endocrine System An Introduction

4. The Endocrine System
Uses chemicals (hormones) to control functions in the body
Hormones control most major processes:
Growth, metabolism, reproduction, etc

5. Endocrine
Nervous
Slow
Hormones
Varied
Long lasting
Fast
Nerve impulse
Muscles, glands
Short term
Speed:
Method:
Target:
Duration:

6. A. Hormone Overview:
Hormones are produced and secreted by specialized cells
Transferred by blood to special target cells

7. Hormones affect only target cells that have specific protein receptors

9. B. The Types of Hormones:
Steroids – lipids, made from cholesterol
Amino acid hormones = proteins

10. Steroid Hormones: Diffuse through the cell membrane of target cells
Binds to a protein inside the cell
Attaches to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
Activate genes

13. Amino Acid Hormones:
Hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane, does not enter
Sets off a series of reactions within the cell
Slide 9.8

14. C. Stimulating the Release of Hormones:
1) Endocrine glands are activated by other hormones

15. 2) Changing levels of other substances in the blood
ex- Calcium ions
- blood glucose levels

16. 3) Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release

18. D. Regulating Hormone Activity:
-Hormones change the regular activity of existing cells (do not stimulate new, unusual activity)
1) receptors are only located on specific cells
2) different numbers of
receptors
3) Different amounts or levels of hormones
Slide 9.5

19. E. Control of Hormone Release:
Rising hormone levels in the blood inhibit the release of more hormone

20. F. Location of Major Endrocrine Organs
Figure 9.3

21. 1) Pituitary Gland: Size of a grape
Hangs by a stalk under the hypothalamus
Has two lobes:
Anterior pituitary
– endocrine gland
Posterior pituitary
– nervous tissue
Slide 9.15

22. Hormones of the Pituitary:
Slide 9.17

23. a) Growth Hormone (GH):
General metabolic hormone
Targets bones and muscles
Causes fats to be broken down for a source of energy
Dwarfism and gigantism
HSW: Gigantism video
Slide 9.18

25. b) Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates and maintains milk production following childbirth
Function in males is unknown

26. -Stimulates follicle development in ovaries
c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-Stimulates follicle development in ovaries
-Stimulates sperm development in testes
Slide 9.20a

27. d) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Influences growth and activity of the thyroid, which regulates body’s metabolism

28. e) Oxytocin Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor
Causes release of milk from breast, contraction of milk ducts
Oxytocin video
Slide 9.22

30. f) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Retains water in the body, making urine more concentrated
Inhibited by alcohol