1. Chemistry Grade 9/10 Review

2. Outline What is Chemistry? So What? Classification of Matter
Properties of Matter
Elements
Periods
Chemical Families
Metals & Non-Metals
Subatomic Particles

3. So What? Chemistry is part of our everyday lives.
The products of chemical processes and reactions are involved in all aspects of our lives:
The clothes we wear
The food we eat
The places we live and work

4. Classifying Matter
Matter is classified as either pure substances or mixtures.

5. Pure Substances Pure Substances - contain only one kind of particle.
Elements - are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. (eg. gold)
Compounds - contain two or more elements in fixed proportions. (eg. water – H20, carbon dioxide – C02)

6. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, changes and transformations.
Matter - is anything that has a mass and takes up space.

7. Mixtures Mixtures - contain two or more pure substances.
Solutions - have only one visible component. (eg. apple juice)
Heterogeneous mixtures contain two or more visible components. (eg. balsamic salad dressing)

8. Properties of Matter
Physical Properties - are characteristics of a substance.
Some physical properties of matter are:
State (solid, liquid, gas)
Colour - Odour
- Texture - Mass
Volume - Melting Point
Boiling Point

9. Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties - are characteristic behaviours of a substance.
Some chemical properties of matter are:
Combustibility
Reaction with acids
Flammability

10. Elements
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
Eg. gold, nickel, hydrogen
Elements are grouped on the Periodic Table according to physical and chemical properties.

11. Periods Elements are grouped in horizontal rows called periods.
All elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbits.

12. Chemical Families
Elements are grouped in vertical columns called chemical families or Groups.
All elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

13. Metals Characteristics of Metals: Location on Periodic Table
Left hand side
Luster
Shiny
Malleability
Malleable
Conductivity
Good conductors
State at room temp.
Mostly solids
Reactivity
Reactive
Tendency to lose or gain electrons
Tend to lose electrons

14. Non-Metals Characteristics of Non-Metals: Location on Periodic Table
Right hand side
Luster
Dull
Malleability
Brittle (not malleable)
Conductivity
Poor conductors
State at room temp.
Liquid, gas or solid
Reactivity
Reactive
Tendency to lose or gain electrons
Tend to gain electrons

15. What it Means Melting Point (oC) Atomic Number Boiling Point (oC)
Symbol of Element
Density
Atomic Radius
Atomic Mass
Name of Element

16. Subatomic Particles The nucleus is the dense positive core of an atom.
Protons
Characteristic
Proton
Location
Nucleus of atom
Charge
Positive
Symbol p+
Relative Mass 1
Calculation
# of protons = atomic number

17. Subatomic Particles Neutron Characteristic Neutron Location
Nucleus of atom
Charge
Neutral
Symbol n
Relative Mass 1
Calculation
# of neutrons
= atomic mass - # of protons

18. Subatomic Particles Electrons Characteristic Electrons Location
Circle nucleus at different energy levels
Charge
Negative
Symbol e-
Relative Mass
Calculation
# of electrons = # of protons