1. Urban Resiliency
In Sustainable Development
May 17th, 2010

2. Question
In your opinion, which of the following goals of public policy is most important to local community’s resilience in the face of a disaster?
A. Robust local economic/commercial activity
B. Equity of social and physical infrastructures
C. Community cohesion and social integration
D. Clear plans for disaster response

3. Disaster Resilient Societies
Cities are engines for development, prosperity, innovation and hope, and therefore they will soon be home to two thirds of the global population.
Nevertheless, they are also home to one billion poor people living in informal settlements and slums, often at high risk of exposure to natural hazards.

4. The “Upside” of Urbanization -- for Growth
Structural: Massive shift from agriculture to manufacturing and services yields productivity gains

5. The “Upside” of Urbanization -- Sustainability
Achieving urban density is a key policy measure to promote environmental sustainability
On average, cities do not perform well; cities are dense and energy consumption is high, but growing with limited public transit options-main problem

6. Potential Downside: Housing Affordability
Share of Rent and Utilities in Total Household Expenditure at high and low income household level

7. Potential Downside: Congestion
Urban transport options have not kept pace with urban growth
Meters of High Transit Capacity per capita
Source: TRACE Studies and Database, 2012

8. Potential Downside: Emissions
Economic growth and car ownership rates are linked

9. Potential Downside: Unsustainable Path

10. Potential Downside: Loss of Green Space
Consumption of land is critical problem – planning is key
Provisioning for green space: increasing urban land values are placing new pressures on city officials to develop land Many Turkish cities have low Green Space/person ratios. Strengthened land use planning can improve this
Many Turkish cities are down here.

11. Potential Downside: Consumption of Fuel
High Petroleum Intensity

12. How Can Cities Become More Resilient?
Essential 1: Put in place organization and coordination to understand and reduce disaster risk, based on the participation of citizen groups and civil society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all departments understand their role in disaster risk reduction and preparedness.
Essential 2: Assign a budget for disaster risk reduction and provide incentives for homeowners, low-income families, communities, businesses, and public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face.
Essential 3: Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments, and use these as the basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city’s resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with them.
Essential 4: Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk, such as flood drainage, adjusted where needed to cope with climate change.
Essential 5: Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities and upgrade these as necessary.
Essential 6: Apply and enforce realistic risk compliant building regulations and land use planning principles. Identify safe land for low-income citizens and upgrade informal settlements, wherever feasible.
Essential 7: Ensure education programmes and training on disaster risk reduction are in place in schools and local communities.
Essential 8: Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges, and other hazards to which your city may be vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk reduction practices.
Essential 9: Install early warning systems and emergency management capacities in your city, and hold regular public preparedness drills.
Essential 10: After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the survivors are placed at the centre of reconstruction, while supporting them and their community organizations to design and help implement responses, including rebuilding homes and livelihoods.

13. Key for Success Key issues for sustainable and Resilient Cities
Strong city leadership, vision and long term detailed strategies
Stable local political environment and support
Holistic approach and multi-sectorial in city planning
Financing the innovative projects and ideas that are financially affordable
Implementation, enforcement and management

14. Together to Shape Sustainable and Resilient Cities
Principles
Aim with sustainable development and city/neighborhod based approach
5 year implementation plans along with strategic 20 year plan
Individual projects Vs. strategic planning
Methods
Defining sustainable cities, capacity development for strategic plan
Monitoring and evaluation of the planning and implementation
Lifecycle cost planning for the prioritized investment.

15. Three dimensions of Sustainable Development
RECOMMENDATIONS
Three dimensions of Sustainable Development
And Resiliency
Financial
Social
Environment

16. Environmental Resiliency
Potential areas in Iran
Energy Productivity and Innovative Energy Methods
Water Management and water consumption
Resiliency against Natural Disaster
Smart city Transportation
Solid Waste Management

17. Financial Resiliency Potential areas of intervention Iran
Multi-year investment plans
Improvement of financial gap between generations
Long term financial planning (IB, IBRD and other international credits)
Development of lifecycle costs for investments
Improvement of municipal finance
Costs savings using efficient and productive energy
IRR of investments

18. Social Resiliency Potential areas for iran
Community based activities and involvement especially in city development practices
Development of social sustainable needs from elderly and youth perspective
Creation of mechanisms for feedback from community
Service for people with disability

19. The Principal Causes of Vulnerability of I.R. Iran
Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization,
Weak economy and lack of government funds to support mitigation programs in cities, towns and villages
Lack of seismic rehabilitation programs for upgrading all highly vulnerable public buildings and multiple family residential buildings,
Inexpensive and poorly constructed private dwellings that often fail even in the absence of earthquakes 19

20. The Principal Causes of Vulnerability of I.R. Iran
A tendency in general population to
ignore the earthquake hazard due to more immediate and basic needs,
Lack of enforcement of existing building codes,
The degradation of the region's environment resulting from the mismanagement of natural resources,
Lagging and misguided investments in infrastructure. 20

21. Moving Forward
THANK YOU