1. Habitat
Where an organism lives

2. Depressions filed with sea water that we call oceans
Ocean Basin
Depressions filed with sea water that we call oceans

4. Pacific
Largest and deepest

5. Atlantic & Indian
About half the size as the Pacific & almost as deep

6. Smallest and shallowest
Arctic
Smallest and shallowest

7. Density
Mass per unit volume
D = m/V

8. Earth's Structure Inner core: 0-1200 km Outer core: 1200-2500 km
Mantle: km
Crust: Outer most 100 km

9. Oceanic Crust Crust directly under oceans thin & dense
made of mostly basalt

10. Continental Crust Crust containing the continents thick & less dense
Made of mostly granite

11. The Earth’s crust is made up of many plate that are in constant motion
Plate Tectonics
The Earth’s crust is made up of many plate that are in constant motion

12. Original supercontinent containing all of the present day continents
Pangaea
Original supercontinent containing all of the present day continents

14. Plate Boundary Crack between plates Where two plate meet Fault line
Rift

16. Types of Boundaries Mid-ocean Ridges Subduction Boundary
Shear Boundary
Mountain Range

17. Mid-Ocean Ridge Spreading center
Continuous chain of volcanic submarine mountains that encircle the globe
Like seams on a baseball

21. Subduction When an oceanic plate slides under another plate
Both volcanic and earthquake activity occur
Forms very deep trenches

24. Shear Boundary When two plates slide parallel to each other
Only earthquake activity
San Andreas Fault

25. Mountain Range
Forms when two continental plates collide

26. Hot Spot
Forms when there is enough heat upwelling to form a volcano, but not enough to form a mid-ocean ridge

28. Continental Margin
Where the continent meets the sea

29. Active Margin A continental margin that is geologically active
A continental margin near a plate boundary
USA’s west coast

30. Passive Margin A continental margin with no geological activity
A continental margin not near a plate boundary
USA’s east coast

31. Sediment
Loose material like sand or mud that settles to the bottom of any body of water
Sediment thickness increases as you move from m-o-r

32. Types of Sediment Lithogenous: from a non-living source
Biogenous: from a living source

33. Calcareous Ooze Carbon based sediment
Sediment containing calcium carbonate
CaCO3

34. Siliceous Ooze Silicon based sediment
Sediment containing silicon dioxide or silicates
SiO2 or SiO4-4

35. Oceanic volcanoes that do not penetrate the surface of the ocean
Seamounts
Oceanic volcanoes that do not penetrate the surface of the ocean

36. Guyots
Flat-topped seamounts
Seamounts that are no longer active

37. Oceanic hot spot where hot gases escape through the ocean floor
Hydrothermal Vent
Oceanic hot spot where hot gases escape through the ocean floor

38. Black Smoker Another name for hydrothermal vents
As hydrogen sulfide gas precipitates in cold water, you get a black precipitate

40. Passive Margins Parts Continental shelf Shelf break Continental slope
Continental rise
The Abyss

42. Continental Shelf
Nearly flat, slightly sloping, not too deep area just off the shoreline

43. Where the continental shelf abruptly breaks off into a steep slope
Shelf Break
Where the continental shelf abruptly breaks off into a steep slope

44. Continental Slope
The steeply sloping part of the margin that goes from the shelf break to the ocean floor

45. Where sediment builds up between the slope and the abyss
Continental Rise
Where sediment builds up between the slope and the abyss

46. The Abyss
The Ocean Floor
The Abyssal plain

47. Active Margin Parts Continental Shelf Shelf Break Continental Slope
Trench
The Abyss

49. In the water column or at any depth in the sea
Pelagic
In the water column or at any depth in the sea

50. Pelagic Zones Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathopelagic Abyssopelagic
Hadopelagic

51. Epipelagic Zone
Surface water where light can penetrate & photosynthesis can take place
Photic zone

52. Mesopelagic Zone
Middle zone, just below the epipelagic where no light penetrates, but is shadowy
Twilight zone

53. Bathopelagic Zone
Deep ocean water where no light penetrates and it is pitch black
Complete darkness

54. Abyssopelagic Zone
The water near the sea floor
Bottom water

55. Hadopelagic Zone
Sea water in the deep trenches
Trench water

56. The Deep Sea
Because the bathopelagic, abyssopelagic, & hadopelagic zones are so similar, they are lumped together as the deep sea