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OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES

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Presentation on theme: "OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES"— Presentation transcript:

1 OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES
By: Gh. Pouryaghoub. MD Center for Research on Occupational Diseases (CROD) Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

2 Anatomy Upper respiratory tract: Lower respiratory tract:
nasal passages pharynx and associated structures Lower respiratory tract: Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveolar ducts and alveoli

3 Anatomy (Functional) CONDUCTING PORTION
nasal passages all the way down to terminal bronchioles TRANSITIONAL & RESPIRATORY PORTION respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

4 Respiratory System Functions
ventilation Air conditioning Gas exchange Phonation Contains receptors for smell Rids the body of some excess water and heat Acid-base balance Pulmonary defense Metabolism and handling of bioactive materials

5 Toxic Inhalation by Ventilation
Gases Vapors Aerosols Dust Mist Fog Fume Smoke

6 TOXIC EFFECTS Gas or aerosol properties Site of action
Duration and intensity Defense mechanisms Minute ventilation Personal factors

7 ANATOMIC SITES Particle size Geometry Surface area Inertia
Electrostatic Charge Coagulability Hygroscopy Solubility

8 ACUTE RESPIRATORY RESPONSES TO TOXINES
Rhinosinositis Laryngitis Airway obstruction Bronchitis Alveolitis Pulmonary edema

9 CHRONIC RESPIRATORY RESPONSES TO TOXINES
Asthma COPD Bronchitis Parenchymal fibrosis Pleural fibrosis Cancer

10 OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DESEASES
Asthma Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis – Asbestosis)

11 OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA Definition Etiologic and Predisposing factors
Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

12 PNEUMOCONIOSIS BENIGN Iron oxide Tin Barium Antimony Zirconium
Titanium COLLAGENOUS Silica Asbestos Coal dust Talk Beryllium Aluminum

13 Exposure to free crystalline silica
SILICOSIS CHRONIC or CLASSICAL ACCELERATED ACUTE Exposure to free crystalline silica

14 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSUER
Foundry Mining, Tunneling Abrasives, Sand blasting Stone cutting, Polishing Glass manufacturing Ceramics

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16 SILICOSIS High mortality and morbidity
Preventable by avoidance of exposure Medical surveillance is one of the main parts of its primary prevention

17 WHO and ILO joint program
"International Program on Global Elimination of Silicosis“ (since 1995) One of the main parts of this program is the formulation of national and regional action plans

18 Diagnostic Criteria Based on physician potential experience & knowledge and the following criteria History of significant exposure to silica dust AND A chest X-ray compatible with silicosis Rule out other diseases that may mimic silicosis

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22 ASBESTOSIS Inflammatory granulomatous reactions to asbestos over the course of years Fiber cement production Insulation and fire proofing Reinforced plastics Textiles Paper Filter

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