1. Labor Movement

2. Workers face New Problems
Impersonal Conditions
Workers lost influence over their own working conditions
Long Hours
6 or 7-day work weeks
10 to 14-hour days

3. Boring, Repetitive Tasks Low Wages
Wages so low workers could not afford food
All family members worked
Dangerous Conditions

4. Periodic Unemployment
Child Labor
One out of every 5 children under the age of 15 were working outside the home by 1910.
Periodic Unemployment
Injury
Illness – no sick days

5. Lack of Opportunities for Advancement Unpleasant Living Conditions
Living in slums

7. Workers organize Labor unions – organizations of workers
Goals of Unions
Higher wages and better working conditions
“Mutual Aid” Societies – members of unions would add to a fund to provide pensions and insurance in times of need
Place pressure on the government

8. Labor Unions Knights of Labor Founded by Terrence Powderly in 1869
A nationwide union for all workers
African-Americans and women welcomed
Favored:
8-hour work day
Safety codes for factories
Equal pay for women
Restrictions on immigration

10. The American Federation of Labor
Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1881
Membership only skilled laborers in craft unions
No women

11. Wanted:
Higher pay
8-hour work day
Employers to only higher union members – known as “closed shop”
Hostile to immigration
Less successful than the Knights of Labor bc no unskilled labor

12. Tactics of Labor and Management
Labor Tactics
Strikes – workers walk off their jobs and picket that factory or workplace
“picket lines” – workers carried signs near workplace while on strike
Collective bargaining – workers act together in negotiating new contracts for higher wages and better working conditions.

14. Management Tactics
Lockout – closing down a factory or mill so that workers cannot work there
Strike-breakers (“scabs”) – temporary workers who fill jobs during a strike, often from a different ethnic group from most of the strikers.

15. Black-listing – circulating names of fired employees to other employers
“Yellow-Dog” contract – forcing workers to sign an agreement not to unionize
Pinkertons – Private detectives used to break up strikes
Injunction – a court order to end a strike.

16. 1st Period Teacher Vocabulary USA TP Activity
Akur Ashley Brooke Kevin William
Vocabulary
Scott Christian Deziray Khalib Joshua
USA TP
Paytin Naomi Dakota Hunter Patrick
Activity
Blaine Tyler Jack Taylor Karla

17. 3rd period Teacher Vocabulary USA TP Activity
Juan Clif Nicholas Michaela Jadyn
Vocabulary
Carlos Johnathon G. Ryan Jonathon B. Cameron
USA TP
Jacob Khalil Kaleb Kaya
Activity
Gabe Caleb Jamie Xavier Keiora

18. 6th Teacher Vocab USA TP Activity
Bryan Ali Sammie Ariyana Naishalee Tyler
Vocab
Breanna Brandon D. Nicholas Kreighton Nicole
USA TP
Brandon B. Richard Christian Sebastian Carine Brianna
Activity
Kellee Malik Anna Parker Joy Elijah

19. 7th Teacher Yasmeen Abigail Leslie Vito Anthony Dorothy Vocab USA TP
Madyson Aaron Destiny Trinity Jacobs S Nathaniel
USA TP
Sarymar Matthew Julian Asaiah Jacob R Austin
Activity
James Zoe Seth Daniel Hunter Gage

20. Milestones of the early labor movement
The Haymarket Riot (1886)
An explosion during a labor demonstration in Haymarket Square
Labor leaders arrested for starting a riot
Four hanged
Labor movement became associated with violence

21. Homestead Strike (1892)
Carnegie and Henry C. Frick decided to break a union and lockout workers from Homestead Steelworks.
Workers went on strike and picketed around the mill
Pinkertons tried to break up but were defeated by strikers
State militia came in to protect the mill.
Frick sent in strike-breakers
Workers gave in, ending unionization in steel mills.

23. Pullman Strike (1894) Pullman had a company town where employees lived
Pullman lowered wages but not prices in town
Workers went on strike
Eugene Debs of the American Railway Union joined causing trains to stop in the west
President Cleveland called in federal troops to end the strike.

25. Rise of ideology Ideology – a system of beliefs about society
Capitalists
Believed that free market capitalism was the best system
Social Darwinists
Believed that humans compete for survival and that those who are naturally superior will meet with the greatest success’s.

26. Communists Socialists
Believed in the ideology developed by Karl Marx, calling for revolution by workers (proletariat) to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a classes society.
Socialists
Believed in the ideology in favor of government ownership of the means of production to improve conditions for workers.