1. Aim: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering?
Genetic Engineering is a process that is used to the alter the genetic instructions in organisms.

2. Genetic Engineering Review:
Scientists can target and identify a gene.
Cut the desired gene with restriction enzymes.

3. Genetic Engineering Review:
The gene is combined with
the DNA of another organism.
DNA from
Organism 2
This process is called:
DNA from
Organism 1
GENE SPLICING
The combined DNA is called:
Recombinant DNA
Cell of an
organism
The recombinant DNA
is inserted into the cell
of another organism.

4. What is the end result? A genetically engineered organism Recombinant
DNA
Cell of an
organism

5. Applications of Genetic Engineering:
Scientists genetically
alter the DNA of bacteria to produce human proteins.
How many pieces of
bacterial DNA do you see? 2
What are they called?
Chromosome and a Plasmid

6. Bacterial Chromosome vs. Human ChromosomeX

7. Bacteria also have PLASMIDS
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are found in some bacteria.
Scientists alter the genetic instructions found in the Plasmids.

8. How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 1:
DNA is removed from a human cell and insulin gene is cut out with Restriction Enzymes.

9. How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 2:
Plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell and is cut with Restriction Enzymes.

10. How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 3:
Insulin Gene and Bacterial Plasmid are ______ together to form ____________
Spliced
Recombinant DNA

11. How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 4:
Recombinant DNA is inserted into a bacterial cell.

12. How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 5:
Bacteria undergo ________ reproduction and are capable of producing the protein insulin.
Asexual

13. Scientists can also genetically alter foods:
Genetically modified
foods can be engineered to produce natural pesticides.

14. Scientists can also genetically alter foods:
Genetically modified foods
can be engineered to
increase their content of
vitamins.

15. Green Glowing Pigs In daylight, their eyes and skin are green-tinged
When lit up in the dark, the pigs glow green