1. 22.3-The Enlightenment Spreads

2. World of Ideas Philosophes’ views about society got them in trouble
Illegal to criticize Catholic Church or government
Enlightenment still spread through books, magazines, word of mouth, etc.
Center of Enlightenment was Paris- people from all over the world came to study and reason there
Enlightenment most intense in mansions of wealthy women (salons)

4. Diderot’s Encyclopedia
Denis Diderot famous philosophe-created a large set of books to which many writers submitted articles and essays
Known as Encyclopedia
Articles angered French government and Catholic Church- still continued publishing Encyclopedia
Salons and Encyclopedia- educated people all over Europe and continued to spread

5. Neoclassical Style
European art of s- baroque-grand, ornate designs
Seen in construction of Versailles
Styles began to change during Enlightenment-simple and elegant style that borrowed from Greece and Rome
Neoclassical-the new classical

8. Music and Literature Musical styles changed to reflect Enlightenment
Change from composers to lighter and elegant style of classical music
Composers included Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
Writing also changed-books turned into novels with plots, suspense, special characters, etc.

9. Enlightenment and Monarchy
Many philosophes saw monarchy as best form of government
Philosophes tried to convince rulers to rule justly
Absolute monarchs who embraced Enlightenment reforms known as enlightened despots (absolute ruler)
Although embraced philosophes’ ideas-still did not want to give up any of their power

10. Frederick the Great
Granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship and improved education
Reformed justice system and eliminated torture
Although saw serfdom as bad- kept it keep support of wealthy landowners
Considered himself first servant of state-goal was to serve and strengthen his country

11. Joseph II
Son of Maria Theresa- introduced legal reform and freedom of press
Supported freedom of worship
Abolished serfdom and ordered that peasants be paid for labor with cash

12. Catherine the Great
Ruled Russia-absolute but hugely admired by philosophes
Allowed for religious toleration and abolishing torture and capital punishment
Kept serfdom around-no freedom for Russia’s poor
Expanded Russia to a huge empire-Russia now an international power