1. Commas Continued…

2. Phrase
A phrase is a group of words that does not contain a subject/verb combination.
Often, these include prepositional phrases.
When a phrase begins a sentence, it must be separated by a comma.
After school, I went to the store for some dinner ingredients.

3. Separating Dependent and Independent Clauses
What is a dependent clause?
It is a group of words that has a subject and predicate, but it does not express a complete thought because it has a subordinate conjunction.
Subordinating conjunctions
When temperatures in the Arctic increase
Because sea ice melts sooner than before
When a dependent clause begins a sentence, it needs to be followed by a comma.
Examples:
Although I was hungry, I avoided eating too many snacks before dinner.