1. Actively Learn Reading
On this side of the page draw a visual representation of the first reading from James I
On this side of the page draw a visual representation of the second reading from Parliament

2. English Civil War
(aka The Wars in the Three Kingdoms)
1638 – 1660

3. Roots & Causes of the Civil War
No. 1 cause =
The Stuart kings break cardinal rule of English politics:
DON’T TAX WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF PARLIAMENT!!!!

4. Other causes – i.e. The Stuarts
James I (r ) – this should be review from AL
Divine Right of Kings: Tries to tax, assign peerage, and effect religion without Parliament
Also upsets Puritans – Militant English Calvinists (i.e. hard core Presbyterians) – by forcing Anglicanism (through Bible)

5. Other causes – i.e. The Stuarts
Charles I (r – 1649)
Unequivocally believes in Divine Right – has two goals
1. Wants to be Christian Warrior
Does so by fighting wars on continent, which cost money
Parliament says, “OK,” but with stipulations – Petition of Rights
Charles gets pissed a dismisses Parliament, eventually for 11 years ( )
Also marries a Catholic – upsets Puritans, a lot

6. More Charles I 2. Wants to unite England, Scotland, and Ireland
Costs money which Charles has little of and thus he collects “a loan” (read: taxes without Parliament)
Plans to unite England under common Anglican faith; again upsets Puritans who are Presbyterians
Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud sets up special tribunals to hunt down dissenters
Subdues England by 1635 and with help of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford – a “Catholic” noble – Catholic Ireland too

7. More Charles I 2. Wants to unite England, Scotland, and Ireland
Turns to Scotland introducing new Book of Common Prayer; lead to riots in Scotland and formation of Scottish army
Wentworth suggests they use Irish Catholics to beat the Scottish; causes riots as England shows Protestant solidarity
Now, Charles needs money calls Short Parliament which taxes only if he gets rid of the “Catholic-lover” Wentworth
Wentworth executed, Irish Catholics feels unprotected and rebel
Three rebellions: Force Charles to again call Parliament

8. Long Parliament
Second Parliament called in 1640 is known as the Long Parliament
Have not forgotten grievances from 11 years before
Led by John Pym
King can only tax with consent of Parliament
Parliament elected every 3 years (Triennial Act)
Parliament must dissolve itself

9. Long Parliament Armies mobilize, civil war begins in full
Charles says “no”
Comes to a breaking point when Charles attempts to arrest key Parliament members and they hear about it & sneak out back door
Pym says, “clearly we need to defend ourselves from the king,” so Parliament starts to raise an army
Parliament makes one ridiculous last ditch effort called “19 Propositions” that the king rejects
Armies mobilize, civil war begins in full

10. “Movie” Time

11. Choosing sides
As with other civil wars, families and friends divided; Brits kill other Brits
General breakdown
younger Anglicans with Parliament; Catholic and older school Anglicans with king
Commoners w/ Parliament; Aristocracy (nobility and rich people) with King
Southerners with King; Northerners with Parliament
Southern colonies with King; Northern colonies with Parliament

12. Civil War King vs. Parliament (1642-1648)
King, Royalists, “Cavaliers” vs. Parliament, Puritans, “Roundheads”
Charles makes a series of military blunders for Cavaliers
Roundheads led by MP Oliver Cromwell
Won ALL battles that mattered
Revolutionized organization and discipline, creating New Model Army
Cavaliers surrendered (1646); Cromwell tries to align English values w/ Puritan and “create heaven on earth”
2nd Civil War: king and others think he is going too far; Charles escapes is again defeated and recaptured 1648

14. Civil War Parliament in charge as a “Republic” Charles I
Complete control with Cromwell at the head
Removed Royalists from 2nd Civil War creating rubber stamp “Rump Parliament” meets until 1660
Charles I
surrendered, tried, executed (January 30, 1649)

15. Ultimate Results of War:
There will never be an English absolute monarch
Argument between liberty and obedience—Locke and Hobbes— that reverberates today

16. Thesis
Now, considering the information you just received and the DVD you are going to watch today & tomorrow, write a thesis explaining the reason(s) for the outbreak of the English Civil War after we finish watching.

17. Ultimate Results of War:
There will never be an English absolute monarch
Argument between liberty and obedience—Locke and Hobbes— that reverberates today

18. After the English Civil War

19. Thesis
After winning the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell gradually assumed the role of a dictator—an absolute monarch in everything but name. This upset a country that had been torn apart via Civil War and caused much of England to believe that a codified sharing of powers was necessary. When this could not be solidified under James II, the English welcomed the Glorious Revolution, establishing the beginning of the rule of the common people, natural rights and freedoms and the modern liberal state.

20. The Republic of England
Cromwell purges the House of Commons of the remaining monarchist leaving behind the “Rump Parliament”
Crushes any remnants of the rebellion at the Battle of Worcester in 1653
Helps write The Instrument of Government—the first constitution in the English speaking world
Abolishes monarchy, establishes Cromwell as Lord Protector, calls for triennial Parliaments
Cromwell follows this for two years before getting frustrated and instituting military rule
Still trying to create perfect Puritan society (like Utopia or Christianopolis); combined with lack of rights this makes like in England horrible for a few years

21. The Restoration Charles II – The Restoration
Cromwell tries to make son Lord Protector, but he does a bad job; parliament invites Charles I’s son back to rule England
Charles II – The Restoration
Reinstitution of Magna Carta and Petition of Rights
tried religious toleration
Emergence of political parties
Tories – generally supported the king and Anglican church
Whigs – purpose: to strengthen parliament, very anti- Catholic
Tries to pass Catholic Exclusion Act but fails
Habeas Corpus Act 1679—extended to all Englishmen during peace time

22. James II & the Glorious Revolution
James II (Charles I’s son) (r – 1689) – one of the worst kings in English history
Mistake #1: Was openly Catholic
Wanted: toleration of Catholics
ignoring previous act, placed Catholics in high official positions
Mistake #2: Openly believed in Divine Right
Tried to rule, several times, without Parliament
Suspended/ignored various acts/constitutions
At first Parliament did nothing, then James’ Catholic wife gave birth to a son…

23. James II & the Glorious Revolution
Parliament called on Mary of Orange (daughter of James II & a protestant) and husband William and invited them to invade the country
Promised to back them when they came and make them joint monarchs
William arrives with 60,000 men and James runs away
No blood is shed whatsoever, no shots fired.
William and Mary agree to become joint rulers
Parliaments one stipulation: must sign and rule by the Bill of Rights (1689)
Known as the Glorious Revolution

25. English Bill of Rights
King/queen could not suspend laws without parliament’s consent
need approval to raise taxes
had to summon parliament and could not interfere with elections
protected rights of individuals
Weakened House of Lords and kicked Anglican Church out of Government
Not entirely democratic yet – few voted, no religious toleration, but eventually resulted in
Made parliament stronger than monarch
Established the beginning of Constitutional Monarchy w/ Prime Minister and Cabinet
Basis for US Bill of Rights

26. Ireland and Scotland
England left with decision problem of what do with Ireland and Scotland.
Background on Ireland:
Tries to become free during ECW
Rape of Ireland, by Cromwell’s troops, after ECW
James II tried to rally Ireland after fleeing England
Battle of the Boyne (1690) William’s Dutch/English (i.e. Protestant army) called the Orange Order crush James and remaining Irish Catholic army

27. Ireland and Scotland
Battle of the Boyne (1690) William’s Dutch/English (i.e. Protestant army) called the Orange Order crush James and remaining Irish Catholic army
as punishment - Parliament passes Act of Settlement (1701)
Encourages upper and upper middle class to resettle in Ireland, mainly in the North
Parliament impose harsh penalties on Catholics in Ireland called Irish Penal Laws
Catholics could not buy, inherit land from Protestants, could not be elected into Irish Parliament, etc.
Cause Irish to rebel with alarming regularity
Parliament fears that Scotland will support James
Act of Union (1707) joined England and Scotland as United Kingdom of Great Britain
Persuades Scots to do this through a series of economic incentives