1. Surveys, Archival, & Observations
Descriptive Research
Surveys, Archival, & Observations

2. Types of Research Strategies
Experimental Research
Non-Experimental Strategies
Descriptive Research
Archival Research
Survey Research
Observational Research
Correlation Research
Quasi-Experimental Research

3. Survey Research
A self-report method, using questionnaires, personal interviews, telephone, or internet polls

4. Biased Samples Selection Bias Response Rate Bias
A sample that is unrepresentative of the population
Selection Bias
Procedure to select over or under represents population
Response Rate Bias
The percentage of people who complete survey are not representative of population

5. Archival Research
An unobtrusive measure that relies on existing records

6. Content Analysis
Where a researcher makes inferences based on specific characteristics objectively identified in messages

7. Back et al. (2010). “The Emotional Timeline of September 11, 2001, Psychological Science, 21(10), pp

8. Natural Treatments
A naturally occurring event that has a significant impact on society at large on a particular members of society

9. Lasting Consequences of 9/11
Americans reduced air travel after 9/11

10. Lasting Consequences of 9/11

11. Survey & Archival Research
Disadvantages
Response Set
Response Bias
Selective Deposit
Selective Survival
Spurious Relationships
Advantages
Massive Data Collection
Able to test things not allowed in experiments
Unobtrusive
Multi-method contribution of real world behavior

12. Observational Research
Considerations
Representative behavior
Observation depends on…
Level of involvement

13. Naturalistic Observation
When an observer records behavior in a natural setting without intervening

14. Participant Observation
The observer becomes a participant in the setting

15. Contrived Observation
Observation in settings arranged to facilitate the occurrence of a behavior