1. HEALTH IN RUSSIA Russian Health Profile
Eugene Shubnikov, MD,
National Supercourse Director
for Russia and coordinator for
the FSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
for Supercourse’s Program, Pittsburgh, USA
This lecture is based on my presentation on January 31, 2002 at Epidemiology class of Professor R.LaPorte and Ass. Professor T.Songer (School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,PA, USA). After following discussion we decided to move forward on a Former Soviet Union Supercourse.
The idea is that we would have one person available in each country to collect health indicator information. Both WHO and the World Bank have this information, but is not very user friendly, in that it is in tables, ours will be in Power Point slides. Also, we can update the National Supercourses as the data themselves are updated, thus our data will be more timely. By having the health indices in a user friendly format, e.g. PowerPoint, we can get it into the classrooms of the world very quickly. Also, it will be rapidly updated. Our system this is different than WHO and World Bank, in that it is a graphic format, simple and timely. We do not complete with them, we compliment them.

2. Russian regions
At this moment Russia has 7 main administrative units with about 90 smaller territorial units.
Russia has a territory of about 1709 million of hectares and the forest cover two/third of the land or 1178,6 million of hectares.

3. Population Statistics by gender and age
AGES
1898
100 1 1
FEMALE
MALE
                                                             2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6
1.The decreasing of births during years of war(small in numbers generations) .
2. The entry of small in numbers generations into the reproductive age, the expropriation of years, the starvation of year.
3. The prohibition of abortions in year and steps to the stimulation of birth rate.
4. The decreasing of birth rate during the period of the war of years.
5. «Baby-boom» after the Second World War .
6. The decreasing of birth rate lower the level of generation’s substitution (less than 2 births per 1 woman).
7. The effect of new family policy of 1983 year and anti-alcohol company of M.Gorbachev.
8. The decreasing of birth rate after 1989 year. 7 7 8 8
1998
Total population:

4. Crude Birth Rate Per thousand persons Your Comments
                                     
Despite the decreasing of birth rate after 1989 year Russia has birth rates compatible to birth rates in Germany - 9,3 in 1999, Spain - 9,6 in 1999, Italy - 9,1 in ,8 thousands of Russians were born in year More than a million of newborns per year.
Your Comments

5. Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
                                                            
The average life expectancy in Russia now is 65,27 years which is considerably lower than in all developing countries from 10 (Denmark - 75,7) to 15 (Japan - 80) years. There is a big difference in life expectancy among women (72,2 years) and men (only 59,0 years) in Russia.
Your Comments

6. Crude Death Rate Per thousand persons Your Comments
                                     
                                     
In comparison to other countries, most certainly the mortality indicators are poor. Russia has had a very high total mortality rate per 100,000 population in 1995(1). In the rate became lower cases per 100,000 population, but in 2000 it became even bigger than in 1995 and still almost twice that in the USA(776.1 cases per 100,000 population) and in Germany (764.1).
1.World Health Statistics. Annual 1996 Edition (1998) (
Your Comments

7. Main reasons of the deaths
Per persons
The leading cause of death in Russia is cardiovascular diseases cases per 100,000 population, again twice higher than in the USA and Germany. The second leading cause of death in Russia is accidents cases per 100,000 population including suicides (39.1). The third leading cause of death is malignant neoplasm cases per 100,000 population at 2000 (1). Clearly much of the mortality in Russia is avoidable.
1.Health at Russia, Goskomstat, Moscow, 2001
Your Comments

8. Per thousand persons in age groups
Age-specific death rates by sex and age (2000)
Per thousand persons in age groups
Age ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~29 30 ~ ~39
Male
Female
Age ~44 45 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Total
Male
Female
To estimate better the impact of high mortality rates in Russia, I may say that in 2000 about 2 million and 225 thousands of Russians died compare to 1 million and 266 thousand of newborns.
Your Comments

9. Deaths by major causes of death (2000)
In %
Causes Total
Total %
Diseases of the circulatory
system(S.) ,3
Neoplasms ,4
External causes of mortality ,3
Diseases of the digestive system ,9
Diseases of the respiratory S ,6
Certain infectious and parasitic
diseases including tuberculosis ,6
Others ,56
Unfortunately, in Russia morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases are high and with no evidence that they are declining (1).
1. Glazunov I.S. Necessity of elaboration of policies and strategies of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases prevention//Diseases prevention and health promotion ( 1998, N1.
Your Comments

10. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Per of life births
                                     
                                     
                                     
This health indicator is probably one which has considerable positive dynamics since 1990 year.
Your Comments

11. Infant Mortality Rate Per 1000 of life births Your Comments
                                     
                                     
                                     
                                     
This rate more than twice higher than in USA (6,9 in 1999) and more than 3 times higher than in Germany (4,5 in 1999).
Your Comments

12. Economics and Health Indicators
- Inpatient care beds (2000): 11,6 per 1,000 population - Number of Physician(2000): 4,8 per 1, GNP(1998) : 2,260 dollars per capita - Total expenditure on Health(2000): 2,2 per cent to GNP ( including physical training expencies)
According to the number of beds and number of physicians Russia should have very good rates for main health indicators. There is only one country with the bigger rate - Belorussia physicians per population. But the problem seems to be in low level of expenditures on Health in Russia.
Your Comments

13. Morbidity Ranking Disease Incidence Rate 4461,7 1540,7 31947,0 3208,9
The Top health events causing morbidity are:
Disease
Incidence Rate
Infectious diseases
4461,7
Diseases of nervous system
1540,7
Diseases of respiratory system
31947,0
Eyes diseases
3208,9
Ears diseases
2208,2
For some health indicators Russia still has good rates. For example for the incidence rates for AIDS - 39,1 per population (together with HIF infectious only). But for some health indicators as Tuberculosis Incidence, Russia has 3 times higher rates compare to USA and Japan. Active Tuberculosis becomes very important Health problem during the last years. Totally about people now in Russia (2000) suffer from active tuberculosis.
Circulatory system diseases
1718,0
Skin diseases
4433,5
Traumas,poisons,external reasons
8679,5
Per persons
Your Comments

14. This lecture is based on
Population data:
Statistical data: Health in Russia, Russian Goskomstat, 2001,Moscow, 356P. or
World Bank Data:
This presentation is also the result of scientific exchange inside of Supercourse team from Pittsburgh University ( head is professor R.LaPorte) and Russain/FSU Internet prevention group (more than 100 participants).

15. Useful Internet links related to health profiles in different Countries
WHO Regional Office for Europe
WHO World Health Statistics Annual
WHO web site
The list of country-specific resources on public health
World Bank project "Development Gateway”
World development indicators and tables
Send Your Link

16. Thank you for taking health profile Tour for Russia
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