1. CVE 5074 Leading Construction Operations
Organizational Leadership
Part II – Construction Organizations

2. Organizational Leadership
1. Motivation of individuals 2. Shaping the organization 3. Directing/delegating tasks 4. Responding to employees 5. Representing the organization

3. A graphic look at individual choice & organizational purpose
Available
Choices
Available
Choices
Limits I I
Limits I
Common Purpose
Limits
Available
Choices
Available
Choices I I
Limits
Available
Choices
Limits
Available
Choices

4. System of Coordination
Formal lines of
communication
reach all workers
Defined
positions
show
relative
power
Top Manager
Middle Manager
Middle Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group

5. System of Coordination
Formal lines of
communication
reach all workers
Defined
positions
show
relative
power
Top Manager
Middle Manager
Middle Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group

6. System of Coordination
Informal
Communications
are key
Informal
Communications
are key
Top Manager
Middle Manager
Middle Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group

7. Organizational Structures
Traditional Structure
Industrial organization
Influenced by Frederick Taylor
Matrix Structure
More suitable to project management
Used by many engineering firms

8. Traditional Organization
Top Manager
Middle Manager
Middle Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
First-Line Manager
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group
Work
Group

9. Industrial Era Organizations
Influenced by Frederick Taylor’s theories
Project broken down into individual tasks
Calls for a “system” of production
Emphasis on price and productivity
Creation of “bureaus or departments”
Maximum profit is the objective
Managers dominate & control workers
Ignores social & psychological factors

10. Benefits of Traditional Structure
Designed for production
Good for repetitive tasks
Designed for specialization
Quality of functions is emphasized
Good for development of staff
Employees develop team spirit
Employees feel stable & secure

11. Problems of Traditional Structure
Relatively inflexible
Very resistant to change
Communications are restricted
Coordination of functions a problem
Not good for creativity
Not good for initiative
Workers do not see entire product
Customer relations are poor

12. Traditional Organization
Top Manager
Department A
Civil Engineering
Department B
Architecture
Manager A1
Manager A2
What Department A
sees most of the time
Group
A11
Group
A12
Group
A13
Group
A13

13. Department A Culture Department A Civil Engineering We are specialists
We are well trained
We are good at what we do
We are a team
We work together
We trust each other
We support each other
We have good quality
Other departments make mistakes
Our manager protects our jobs
Our manager gets us raises
Our manager controls our future
Manager A1
Manager A2
Group
A11
Group
A12
Group
A13
Group
A13

14. Traditional Organization
Top Manager
Department A
Department B
What Department B
sees most of the time
Manager B1
Manager B2
Group
B11
Group
B12
Group
B13
Group
B14

15. Department B Culture Department B We are specialists Architecture
We are well trained
We are good at what we do
We are a team
We work together
We trust each other
We support each other
We have good quality
Other departments make mistakes
Our manager protects our jobs
Our manager gets us raises
Our manager protects our future
Manager B1
Manager B2
Group
B11
Group
B12
Group
B13
Group
B14

16. The Matrix Organization
A more “modern” construct
More flexible
More customer & product focus
Works well with teams
Works well with “virtual” teams
But… it’s not perfect

17. The Matrix Organization
Dept A B C D E
PM 1
PM 2
PM 3
PM 4

18. The Matrix Organization
Dept A B C D E
PM 1
PM 2
PM 3
PM 4

19. The Matrix Organization
Dept A B C D E
PM 1
PM 2
PM 3
PM 4

20. Benefits of Matrix Structure
Designed for total product focus
Customer relations are excellent
Coordination of functions is easier
View of entire product possible
Very flexible
Very creative
Easy to change structure

21. Problems of Matrix Structure
Success depends on project manager
Can be confusing
Employees have two or more bosses
Control can be a problem
PM may not have sufficient power
Less stability for employees
No employee development

22. Typical Construction Company
CEO
Construction
Operations
Purchasing
Metals
Masonry
Site Layout
Subcontracts
Steel
Alum
Block
Brick
Survey
Utility
Carp
Mech

23. Typical Design Firm
PM 1
Arch
Civil
Elec
Mech
Fire
PM 2
PM 3
PM 4

24. Evolution of Stovepipes (a related problem)
Dept B
Dept C
Dept D
Dept E
Dept A

25. Evolution of Stovepipes
Dept B
Dept C
Dept D
Dept E
Dept A

26. Evolution of Stovepipes
Dept A
Dept B
Dept C
Dept D
Dept E

27. Complications of Stovepipes
Melbourne
Orlando
Dept A
Dept B
Dept C
Dept D
Dept E

28. The reason this happens…
Lack of communications!!!

29. Student presentations..
The Articulate Executive
Prajwal Aditya
Styles at Work
Hani Baatiyyah & Hamed Al Hinai
Don’t forget to fill out your Journal!

30. My Closing Thought…
And now we know why!

31. Presentations – Good Points
8 - Short personal stories; life examples; memorable quotes
6 - Creative opening; captures attention; has pizzazz; enthusiasm; passion showmanship outline
5 - Good organization; logical order; smooth transitions
5 - Speaking clearly; good diction; good volume
5 - Good timing
4 - Introductory roadmap; clear
4 - Use of audience; interaction
4 - Lively tone of voice; strong steady voice; confident
4 - Simple slides; balanced text & graphics; short text
3 - Good eye contact & posture
2 - Clear message
1 - Relaxed attitude
1 - Speaking from the heart
1 - Good conclusion
2/17/2019

32. Presentations – Bad Points
9 - Lack organization; no outline; meandering; going in circles; no logical order; poor introduction 7 - Poor diction; hard to understand; not projected; too soft; monotone boring 6 - Poor eye contact; reading notes 5 - Too much information or content 4 - Posture or attitude too informal; nervous; not moving 4 - Boring structure; not memorable; no enthusiasm 3 - Boring presentation; stories too long 3 - Poor use of time 3 - Slides overcrowded; poorly organized; confusing; busy 3 - Poor transitions; long pauses 2 - Poor preparation 2 - No connection to class material; no message 2 - Talking too fast
2/17/2019

33. Class Problem-1…
The setting is Orlando, July You have just graduated from FIT and accepted a job with a construction company.
The President of your company has just unexpectedly announced his retirement.
The new President has assigned you to a team tasked with recommending a new organization for the company.
You have 10 minutes to come up with a plan for how you would recommend he organize the functions listed on the next slide.
Prepare a chart and a short briefing on your recommendations.
You must name the positions and show recommended lines of authority and communications.
You may group functions for efficiency, however if you do you must indicate who is the person responsible for sub-functions

34. Problem-2… Tasks that need to be accomplished by the company
CEO/General Manager Chief Estimator - 3
Accountant - 2 Office Manager
Executive Secretary Chief Surveyor - 5
Legal Advisor - 2 Purchasing Manager - 3
6 Field Superintendents 3 Construction Managers
Chief of Logistics - 2 Chief of Human Resources - 2
Chief of Operations Chief of Marketing & Sales – 2
Financial Manager Chief of Administration
Chief of Data Processing Chief of Safety
6 Field Secretaries 12 Labor Foreman
Chief Engineer – 3 Chief of Contracting - 3

35. A Solution…

36. Class Problem-1… The setting is Egypt in 2000BC.
The pharaoh, who is 40, has ordered that a pyramid be built for his burial.
Your team is assigned the task of organizing the construction force.
You have 20 minutes to come up with a plan for how you will command and control the workforce of about 5000 slaves.
Life expectancy in Egypt is about 60.

37. Problem-2… Prep const site Construct core Trim exterior Open quarry
From the last pyramid that was built by CVE4070… you know that the following activities must be accomplished:
Prep const site Construct core
Trim exterior Open quarry
Hire workforce Train Workers
Build/Demob Camp Cut core blocks
Cut trim blocks Inspect work
Construct interior rooms Finish interior
Final inspection Demob site
Bury pharaoh

38. An Opening Thought…

39. A Opening Thought…
but why is this so????

40. Recent example:

41. Typical Traditional Organization
Top Manager
Department A
Department B
Manager A1
Manager A2
Manager B1
Manager B2
Group
A11
Group
A12
Group
A13
Group
A13
Group
B11
Group
B12
Group
B13
Group
B14