1. Integrating Climate Change into Development Programming – Tracking, Measuring & Learning for Adaptive Management
Issues and an analytical framework for assessing adaptation effectiveness

2. Why assess and track adaptation effectiveness?
Development agencies are beginning to make large investments in climate change adaptation.
To plan, implement and track the interventions requires robust assessments of the expected and actual returns.
We need to know whether adaptation is keeping development on course and whether the adaptation costs and benefits are distributed equitably.

3. Phases of climate change effects, impacts, responses and outcomes
We are here – a phase for exploring and learning about the developmental effectiveness of climate adaptation climate

4. Methodological issues of assessing and tracking adaptation effectiveness
Please refer to this paper on methodological challenges - ilibrary.org/environment/monitoring-and-evaluation-of-climate-change-adaptation_5jxrclr0ntjd-en
M+E for climate adaptation faces challenges of
assessing attribution,
establishing baselines and targets, and
dealing with long time horizons.
This underlines the importance of building in reflection and learning and applying a comprehensive approach to monitoring and evaluation, building on tested practices from participatory methods and social sciences techniques.

5. What do we need to know?
Results frameworks for climate adaptation being developed by multi- lateral organisations tend to focus largely on the interventions’ efficiency — that is, outputs achieved from various inputs, often expressed as costs and benefits.
But policymakers also need frameworks that assess an intervention’s comparative effectiveness — how well outcomes achieve defined objectives compared with other interventions, whether these address climate change adaptation directly or indirectly.

6. Tracking Adaptation Measuring Development
Please refer to:
The TAMD framework provides a robust, tested approach to assessing how adaptation contributes to development and how development interventions enable adaptation to climate effects.
The success of adaptation as a means to address climate risks to development needs to be measured in terms of the developmental outcomes achieved through adaptation investments.
Crucially, response variables and/ or indicators of adaptation success need adjusted for climate change effects – “contextualisation and normalisation”

7. Longitudinal study in Ethiopia will assess changes over time
Measuring parameters in key areas over time.
Adjust parameters for the effects of other external drivers of performance.
Household diet
Rainfall
years

8. TAMD is a twin-track framework that assesses institutional climate risk management - Track 1, and measures adaptation and development performance - Track 2. TAMD step by step manual can be found and downloaded free at:

9. TAMD used in Ethiopia case study to understand the Operational Research programme technology adoption process from perspectives of smallholder farmers
Track 1
Track 2
IA support to TARI for OR on adaptation
TARI and regional institutions Ag R+D
OR project targets Woredas
Adoption of technologies
Changes in lhds and local economy
TAMD approach
Institutional changes in climate risk management
Technology adoption as adaptation and changes to livelihoods

10. 6 steps of the TAMD approach
TAMD builds on standard M+E approaches based upon theories of change and measuring indicators over time.
Climate change effects are factored in to understand challenges to and resilience of livelihoods.

11. TAMD has been developed and tested in Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. It has been used for different purposes and at different levels.