1. CELL PARTS

2. ORGANELLES
NUCLEUS – large dense area near the center of the cell that controls all the cells functions and carries hereditary information
“Brain of the Cell”
nucleus

3. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Surrounds nucleus and keeps DNA inside while allowing RNA to escape to the ribosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane

4. NUCLEOLUS
Dense center of nucleus. Produces Ribosomes.
Nucleolus

5. CHROMATIN Strands of DNA or RNA found outside the nucleolus Nucleolus

6. DNA
Double stranded nucleic acid --contains blueprints for protein making. “Heredity information”

7. RNA
Single stranded nucleic acid. Contains messages from the DNA to make proteins

8. CENTRIOLES See picture in packet
Specialized microtubules that help the nucleus in dividing- lines up chromosomes

9. ORGANELLES
PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE- thin membrane that separates the cell from its environment
“gate keeper of the cell”

10. MICROVILLI see picture in your packet
Extensions of the cell membrane that allow for greater absorption by the cell due to the increases surface area
(small intestines)

11. ORGANELLES
CILIA- small hairlike structure made of microtubules that aide in motility or collects food
(lining the trachea “windpipe” )

12. ORGANELLES
FLAGELLA- long whip like tail filled with microtubules that are used for motility.
(only found on sperm of male)
flagella

13. ORGANELLES
CYTOPLASM- liquid portion of the cell (up to 80% water) location of many chemical reactions

14. CELL DIVERSITY
INTERNAL ORGANIZATION-cells contain a variety of structures called ORGANELLES
ORGANELLES- “little organ”- performs specific functions for the cell

15. ORGANELLES
MITOCHONDRIA- double membraned cell with CRISTAE (waves)-produces energy for the cell (ATP)
(muscles)
mitochondria

16. ORGANELLES
RIBOSOME- tiny dots found on the Rough ER (or floating around) that synthesize protein
ribosome

17. ORGANELLES
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- sets of tubules located near nucleus with ribosomes- synthesizes proteins
Rough ER

18. ORGANELLES
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- sets of tubules located near the rough ER that are without ribosomes- synthesizes fats, breaks down toxins
Smooth ER

19. ORGANELLES
GOLGI APPARATUS- (UPS of the cell) flattened stacks of membranes that receive, package, and transport materials throughout the cell
(endocrine glands, stomach, mucus producing glands)
Golgi Apparatus

20. ORGANELLES
LYSOSOME- (garbage disposal of the cell) vesicles filled with digestive enzymes. Breaks down dead cell parts, bacteria invaders, food.
(white blood cells, liver)
lysosome

21. ORGANELLES
PEROXISOMES- vesicles filled with enzymes used to detoxify the cell
(liver, spleen)

22. ORGANELLES
CYTOSKELETON- network of long proteins that give the cell structure and move items around in the cell
cytoskeleton

23. INCLUSIONS
Any foreign body found in the cell. Typically dead cell parts or remnants of invaders

24. CELLULAR PROCESSES
All cells must complete the following processes 1. Reproduce 2. Grow and mature 3. Take in energy 4. Rid of waste 5. Exchange gases 6. Maintain Homeostasis

25. VARIOUS CELL SHAPES Flat (lung and skin) Cube shaped (kidneys)
Column shaped- (intestines)
Thread-like- (nerves)
Oval- (red blood cells)
Constantly changing shape- blob- (white blood cells)