1. Summaries due on Friday
Include a title
Title and references do not need separate pages
Put your name on it
If late, drop off at the Saint James welcome desk (only open during business hours)
Follow formatting specifications detailed on the rubric
Remember to revise, edit, and proofread

2. Subject > verb >object Jane went to the store
Checking for grammar
Subject > verb >object
Jane went to the store
Vazire and Carlson cite research by Sedikides and Gregg.

3. “He points out from these studies that . . .”
He cites studies that prove . . .
He points out that , citing as evidence.
“The main point of their argument is surrounding ”
They argue that . . .
Their central argument is that . . .
“The author continues into thought on how ”
She continues . . .
The author continues . . .

4. Why say
“It provides statistics directly from their study, with significant results to support ”
When you could say
Their study supports . . .

5. Citing their citations
In The Straight Man, Richard Russo implies that “we understand each other [b]etter than we understand ourselves” (as cited in Vazire and Carlson, 2011, p. 104).
Vazire and Carlson cite research by Sedikides and Gregg (p. 104).
But YOU are citing Vazire and Carlson
You must give CREDIT to their reference (that is, distinguish between their voice and their source’s voice),
but you must also indicate the LOCATION of their reference to the source (that is, where do they mention, reference, or quote this source in their article?)

6. “Quotes ‘within’ a quote”
The Brief Penguin Handbook indicates that “If you want to quote material that is already quoted in your source, use single quotes for that material” (Faigley et al. p. 258).
For example:
“According to Nell Irving Painter, ‘People of African descent in the Diaspora do not speak languages of Africa as their mother tongue’” (as cited in Faigley et al., 2014, p. 258)

7. When to cite summaries and paraphrases
Unless your summarizing statement is true of 100% of the article you must cite page number/s
More than one page in a row? = (p )
More than one page, but not continuously? = (p. 23, 25)

8. Integrating quotes
1. Introduce your quote
2. Explain why it’s there
Moving on from “according to” (when introducing quotes and paraphrases)
They claim
They argue
They maintain
They state that
They cite
For Vazire and Carlson,
Their research shows that
They admit that
They contend

9. Transitions
Vazire and Carlson claim that They also cite , suggesting that This idea . . .
Repetition vs. repetitive
According to your textbook, “Repeating key phrases and signalling relationships with transitional terms helps in building coherence” (Faigley et al., 2014, p. 23). However, they note that “Repetition” should propel “forward momentum” in order to avoid repeating content (p.24).

10. Congratulate yourself 
Before you hand it in
Give it a title
Read it over
Attach your draft
Congratulate yourself 