1. Dr. Thomas Lickona
Devon and Levi

2. Background
Developmental psychologist with Ph.D. and Professor of Education (State University of New York)
Served on the leadership of:
The Center for the Fourth and Fifth Rs (Respect and Responsibility)
Association for Moral Education
Character Education Partnership

3. Background
Lectured in the US, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, Ireland and Latin America about the education of morals in the home and the school
Has appeared on The Larry King Show and Good Morning America
Awarded with:
State University of New York Faculty Exchange Scholar
Distinguished Alumni Award from the State University of New York at Albany
Sanford N. McDonnell Lifetime Achievement Award in Character Education

4. Background
His many publications revolve around subjects such as “Raising Good Children,” “Smart and Good High Schools,” and “Character Matters: How to Help Our Children Develop Good Judgment, Integrity, and Other Essential Virtues”

5. Lickona’s Stages Of Moral Reasoning
Adopted from Kolberg’s “Stages of Moral Development”
Which came right after Piaget’s “Theory of Cognitive Development”
All of which give rough ages and are set stages that must be attained in order to progress.

6. Lickona’s Stages Of Moral Reasoning
Stage 0: Egocentric Reasoning
Around age 4
Stage 1: Unquestioned Obedience
Around Kindergarten
Stage 2: What’s-In-It-For-Me Fairness
Early Elementary Grades
Stage 3: Interpersonal Conformity
Middle Elementary to Early Teens
Stage 4: Responsibility to the System
Late High School
Stage 5: Principled Conscience
Young Adulthood

7. Critique
Moral agency is not granted to children until late in development
Younger children are able to understand “right and wrong”
Other critiques are leveled at specific aspects of his books

8. Works Cited
Background: