1. UNIT - 3
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2. Array
It is a collection of elements of same data type, that are referenced by a common name
Types
One-Dimensional array
Two-Dimensional array
Multi-Dimensional array
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3. One-Dimensional array Array Declaration
Syntax:
datatype array_name[size];
Example: int x[3]; x
X[0]
X[1]
X[2]
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4. x X[0] X[1] X[2] Array initialization Syntax:
data_type array_name[size]={variables};
Example: int x[3]={5,3,7}; x
int a[5];
a[0]=10;
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
a[3]=40;
a[4]=50;
X[0]
X[1]
X[2] 5 3 7
Int a[5]={10,20,30,40,50};
char a[6]=“Nafees”;
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5. //program to set values of array and display it
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[5],i;
clrscr();
a[0]=10;
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
a[3]=40;
a[4]=50;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("\nThe value in a[%d] is %d",i,a[i]); }
getch();
OUTPUT
The value in a[0] is 10
The value in a[1] is 20
The value in a[2] is 30
The value in a[3] is 40
The value in a[4] is 50
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6. //program to get values of array from users and display it
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[5],i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter five values : \n");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]); }
printf("\nThe value in a[%d] is %d",i,a[i]);
getch();
OUTPUT
Enter five values : 10 20 30 40 50
The value in a[0] is 10
The value in a[1] is 20
The value in a[2] is 30
The value in a[3] is 40
The value in a[4] is 50
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7. //program to find maximum no in an array
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[5],i,max;
clrscr();
printf("Enter five values : \n");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]); }
max=a[0];
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
if(max<a[i])
max=a[i];
printf(“Maximum no is %d“,max);
getch(); }
OUTPUT
Enter five values : 10 20 30 40 50
Maximum no is 50
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8. //program to find sum of elements in an array
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[5],i,sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter five values : \n");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]); }
sum=sum+a[i];
printf(“The sum of elements in array is : %d”,sum);
getch();
OUTPUT
Enter five values : 1 2 3 4 5
The sum of elements in array is : 15
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9. //program to sort number in ascending order
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[5],i,j,t;
clrscr();
printf("Enter five values : \n");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]); }
for(j=i+1;j<5;j++)
if(a[i]>a[j])
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t; }
printf(“Ascending order : \n”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++) {
printf(“%d\t”,a[i]);
getch();
OUTPUT
Enter five values : 40 10 30 50 20
Ascending order :
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10. //program to search element in array(Linear Search)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[5]={10,20,30,40,50};
int key;
clrscr();
printf("Enter search value:\n");
scanf("%d",&key);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
if(key==a[i])
printf(“Value found”);
break; }
else {
printf(“Value not found”); }
getch();
OUTPUT
Enter search value : 40
Value found
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11. Two-Dimensional array Array Declaration
Syntax:
data_type array_name[row_size] [col_size];
Example: int x[3][3];
Col 0 Col 1 Col 2
row 0
row 1
row 2
X[0][0]
X[1][0]
X[2][0]
X[0][1]
X[1][1]
X[2][1]
X[0][2]
X[1][2]
X[2][2]
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12. Array Initialization Syntax:
data_type array_name[row_size] [col_size];={variables};
Example: int x[3][3]={1,50,2,75,8,4,9,33,77};
Col Col Col 2
row 0
row 1
row 2 1 50 2 75 8 4 9 33 77
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13. //program to assign values to array and to display it
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[3][3]={10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90};
int i,j;
clrscr();
printf(“Values in array : \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf(“a[%d][%d] = %d\n”,i,j,a[i][j]); }
getch();
OUTPUT
Values in array :
a[0][0]=10
a[0][1]=20
a[0][2]=30
a[1][0]=40
a[1][1]=50
a[1][2]=60
a[2][0]=70
a[2][1]=80
a[2][2]=90
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14. //program to assign values to array from user and to display it
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[3][3],i,j;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter 9 values in array : \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]); }
printf(“Values in array : \n”);
printf(“a[%d][%d] = %d\n”,i,j,a[i][j]);
getch(); }
OUTPUT
Enter 9 values in array : 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Values in array :
a[0][0]=10
a[0][1]=20
a[0][2]=30
a[1][0]=40
a[1][1]=50
a[1][2]=60
a[2][0]=70
a[2][1]=80
a[2][2]=90
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15. //program to implement Matrix addition
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3],i,j;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter values of Matrix A : \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]); }
printf(“Enter values of Matrix B : \n");
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j]; }
printf(“Added Matrix\n”);
printf(“%d\t”,c[i][j]);
printf(“\n”);
getch();
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16. //program to implement Matrix addition
OUTPUT
Enter values of Matix A : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Enter values of Matix B :
OUTPUT
Addded Matrix
4 6
10 12
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17. //program to implement Matrix multiplication
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3],i,j,k;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter values of Matix A : \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]); }
printf(“Enter values of Matix B : \n");
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j]; }
printf(“Multiplied Matrix\n”);
printf(“%d\t”,c[i][j]);
printf(“\n”);
getch();
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18. //program to implement Matrix
OUTPUT
Enter values of Matrix A : 1
Enter values of Matrix B :
OUTPUT
Multiplied Matrix
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19. //program to find transpose of Matrix
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int a[3][3],i,j;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter values in array : \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]); }
printf(“\nTranspose of given Matrix : \n”);
for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf(“%d\t”,i,j,a[j][i]);
} printf(“\n”); }
getch();
OUTPUT
Enter values in array : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Transpose of given Matrix :
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20. Strings Handling of Character Strings Syntax:
char var_name[size]=“String”;
Example
char a[6]=“Cse”;
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
char a[6];
clrscr();
printf(“Enter a string : “);
scanf(“%s”,a);
printf(“Your String is : %s”,a);
getch(); }
OUTPUT
Enter a string: cse
Your String is : cse
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21. String Functions strlen() It is used to find the length of the string.
syntax:
strlen(string)
strcpy()
It is used to copy one string to another.
strcpy(string1,string2)
strcat()
It is used to combine two strings.
strcat(string1,string2)
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22. It is used to compare two strings. syntax: strcmp(string1,string2)
Returns 0 if two strings are equal.
strrev()
It used to reverse a string.
strrev(string)
strlwr(), strupr()
It used to change the case of a string.
strlwr(string)
strupr(string)
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23. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>
strlen() It is used to find the length of the string syntax: strlen(string)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char a[]="college";
int b;
clrscr();
b=strlen(a);
printf("\nThe length of the string is %d",b);
getch(); }
Output:
The length of the string is 7
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24. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>
strcpy() It is used to copy one string to another. syntax: strcpy(string1,string2)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char a[]=“Cse";
char b[]="Dept";
clrscr();
strcpy(a,b);
printf("\nThe string is %s",a);
getch(); }
Output:
The string is Dept
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25. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>
strcat() It is used to combine two strings syntax: strcat(string1,string2);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char a[]=“Cse";
char b[]="Dept";
clrscr();
strcat(a,b);
printf("\nThe string is %s",a);
getch(); }
Output:
The string is CseDept
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26. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>
strcmp() It is used to compare two strings. syntax: strcmp(string1,string2) Returns 0 if two strings are equal.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char a[10]=“csedept"; Output:
char b[10]=“cse"; Strings are not equal
int i;
clrscr();
i=strcmp(a,b);
if(i==0)
printf(“Strings are equal”);
else
printf("Strings are not equal”);
getch(); }
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27. strrev() It used to reverse a string. syntax: strrev(string);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char a[]="Dept";
clrscr();
printf("\nThe reversed string is %s",strrev(a));
getch(); }
Output:
The string is tpeD
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28. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>
strlwr(), strupr() It used to change the case of a string syntax: strlwr(string); strupr(string);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char a[20]=“csedept";
clrscr();
printf("\nThe string is :%s",a);
strupr(a);
printf("\nThe string after conversion to uppercase :%s",a);
strlwr(a);
printf("\nThe string after conversion to lowercase :%s",a);
getch();
} Output
The string is :csedept
The string after conversion to uppercase :CSEDEPT
The string after conversion to lowercase :csedept
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29. String Palindrome #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main() {
char s1[15],s2[15];
printf("\nenter the string:");
scanf("%s",s1);
strcpy(s2,s1);
strrev(s1);
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30. The string is palindrome
if(strcmp(s1,s2)==0)
printf("\n The string is palindrome");
else
printf("\n The string is not a palindrome");
getch(); }
Output:
enter the string: aba
The string is palindrome
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31. Managing I/O Operations
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32. Input/Output Function
Formatted
Unformatted
Input
scanf()
Output
printf()
Input
getc()
gets()
getchar()
getch()
Output
putc()
puts()
putchar()
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33. Formatted Input/Output
C uses two functions for formatted input and output.
Formatted input : reads formatted data from the keyboard.
Formatted output : writes formatted data to the monitor.
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34. Formatted Input and Output
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35. Standard Output The standard output file is the monitor.
Like the keyboard, it is a text file.
When you need to display data that is not text, it must be converted into to the text before it is written to the screen.
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36. Format of printf Statement
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37. Formatted Input (scanf)
The standard formatted input function in C is scanf (scan formatted).
scanf consists of :
a format string .
an address list that identifies where data are to be placed in memory.
scanf ( format string, address list );
(“%c….%d…..%f…..”, &a,….&i,…..,&x…..)
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38. Format of scanf Statement
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39. getchar() Example
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<ctype.h> void main() { char x; printf("enter the character:"); x=getchar();
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40. if(islower(x)) putchar(toupper(x)); else putchar(tolower(x)); getch(); } Output: enter the character : A a
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41. getc Example
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<ctype.h> void main() { char x; printf("enter the character:"); x=getc(stdin);
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42. if(islower(x)) putc(toupper(x),stdout); else putc(tolower(x),stdout); getch(); } Output: enter the character:a A
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43. gets() Example
#include <stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { char c[80]; clrscr(); printf("Input a string:"); gets(c);
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44. printf("The string is:"); puts(c); getch(); } Output: Input a string:qwerty The string is:qwerty
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45. getch() Example
#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> void main() { char c; clrscr(); printf("\nInput a character:"); c = getch();
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46. printf("\nCharacter is:"); putch(c); getch(); } Output: Input a character : N Character : N
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