1. Chapter 9

2. Performance Management Enterprise wide endeavor Research and ascertain all performance problems – not just DBMS Five factors influence DB performance

3. DB performance Five factors –Workload – combination of online transactions, batch jobs, ad hoc queries, datawarehousing analysis and system –Throughput – overall capability of the computer to process data –Resources – hardware and software tools at the disposal of the system

4. Performance continued –Optimization – to optimize such things as queries, SQL formulation, database parameters –Contention – condition where two or more components of the workload are attempting to use a single resources in a conflicting way (dual updates to same piece of data, etc.)

5. Poor performance Table scans Lack of appropriate indexes Improper indexing choices Not using the available indexes Outdated database statistics Tables joined in a suboptimal order

6. Poor Performance continued Application joins instead of more efficient SQL joins Improper join method (nested loops, etc.) Efficient SQL inside of inefficient application code (loops)

7. Poor performance continued Inefficient subquery formulation (exists, not exists, etc.) Unnecessary sorting

8. 80/20 Rule Pareto Principle –80% o the results come from 20% of the effort –DBA should concentrate on the most likely causes of performance problems first, because he will receive a high return on his tuning investment

9. Other potential problems Memory allocation (buffer/cache) Logging options (log cache, log size, rollback statements) I/O efficiency (separation of tables and indexes on disk, database size, fragmented and extended files)

10. Problems continued Overall application & database workload on server Database schema definitions

11. Performance Management Three specific components –Monitoring – scanning the environment, reviewing the output of instrumentation facilities, and watching the system as it runs (identifies problems) –Analysis – looking at what was collected from monitoring – done by DBA or others

12. Performance continued –Optimization – corrective action; some may be done automatically by the system, others are generated

13. Management Reactive performance management –Planning for the unplanned performance problems –Manual –Time consuming

14. Management continued Proactive performance management –Combined forethought, planning and automation to minimize reactive monitoring and tuning –Reduces amount of time, effort and human error

15. Life Cycle Life cycle needs to be monitored from the beginning Problems caught earlier on are less costly and easier to fix

16. Historical Trending Capturing and analyzing resource usage trends and performance statistics over time Predict needs for hardware upgrades Track key performance statistics (put in tracker tables)

17. Service Level Management Disciplined, proactive methodology and procedures used to ensure that adequate levels of service are delivered to all IT users at acceptable costs –Problems with silos

18. Performance Tuning System tuning Database tuning Application tuning

19. Tuning tools Performance monitors –Realtime, near time (intervals) and trends Performance estimation tools Capacity planning tools –Includes what if scenarios

20. Tools continued SQL analysis and tuning tools Advisory tools Systems analysis and tuning tools

21. Database tuning tools Reorganization tools (rebuild) Compression tools Sorting tools

22. Performance Basics Do not over-tune Remain focused Do not panic Communicate clearly Accept reality