1. Fluorescence

2. Topics Sensitivity (nM-pM) Derivatization LIF
Contrast UV-vis measurements
Derivatization
LIF

3. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Elemental analysis
Dissolved metals
Source
Hallow Cathode Lamp
Cathode of specific element
Sample
Acetylene-air flame, nebulizer
Detector
PMT

4. Atomic absorption Gas-phase elemental atoms
Narrow absorption lines (±0.01 nm)
Element specific source
Flame conditions control sensitivity
1-100 ppm (mg/L)
varies with element

5. AA Spectrometer PMT Hollow cathode lamp Flame monochrometer
Coating of element
Air
nebulizer
Acetylene
sample

6. Experiment Aspirate blank, set 100 % T Aspirate sample
Matrix effects are common
Standard addition analysis

7. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy