1. Thesis Practice- Foreign Policy

2. Evaluate the extent to which American foreign policy contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostered change with regard to United States involvement in world affairs from 1789 to 1823.
1789: Constitution takes effect/ Washington takes office
1823: Monroe Doctrine
List events related to foreign policy- decide if it’s continuity or change

3. Changes
Continuities

4. Federalist pro-British ideas and policies and Democratic-Republican pro-French ideas and policies exerted an influence on the conduct of foreign affairs.
Neutrality Proclamation and Act of 1793
Citizen Genet Affair
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain (1795), also called Treaty of San Lorenzo
Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)
XYZ Affair (1797)
Neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815)
Louisiana Purchase (1803): security, economic importance, and expansion
Conflict ensues with Barbary pirates
British and French make efforts to restrict American trade; ongoing impressments: Non-Importation Act 1806; Chesapeake-Leopard Affair 1807
Embargo Act (1807)
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

5. “War Hawks” (Clay, Calhoun, etc.) War of 1812
Efforts to remain neutral between Britain and France; economic sanctions (Macon’s Bill #2 1810)
“War Hawks” (Clay, Calhoun, etc.)
War of 1812
Naval battles
Hartford Convention (1814)
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1815) — Andrew Jackson
Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) — also called the Transcontinental Treaty and the Florida Purchase Treaty
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Ideas: United States’ sphere of influence in the Western Hemisphere: noninvolvement in European affairs, Europe not to interfere or re-colonize the Americas; United States pledged not to interfere with existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere; long-term ramifications.
John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State.

6. Y= significant change or significant continuity
A- area of change or continuity
B- area of change or continuity
X= smaller area

7. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.
Notice: It does NOT say “there are MORE changes”
That doesn’t sound academic

8. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.

9. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.

10. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.

11. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.

12. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.

13. Between 1789 and 1823, American foreign policy continued to focus on neutrality and protecting American interests by avoiding alliances with European nations. However, the United States asserted its strength in armed conflicts and made numerous treaties with European powers to strategically improve the economy. Therefore, there were significant changes to American foreign policy.

14. Contextualization Which approach to contextualization should we use?
Before the time period
What else is happening in the time period?
Before:
Won American Revolution
New nation- appear weak, broke
Articles of Confederation- lack of respect from other nations
Creation of a new government (Constitution)
During the same time period:
Development of political parties
Republican ideas
Nationalism, Era of Good Feelings

15. Before
In the mid-18th century, the United States declared their independence and fought a war to separate themselves from Britain. In the years following, the new nation struggled to establish a government that could effectively govern their people and earn the respect of other nations. The solution to the problem was the creation of a new Constitution, which gave more authority to the central government and created an executive leader to direct and influence foreign policy.

16. Same time
In the early 19th century, the United States was experiencing a sense of nationalism that resulted from a unique republican ideology and successful interactions with other nations. At the same time, the economy was undergoing significant changes due to the industrial and market revolutions, both of which affected our approach to trade and foreign relations.