1. Phalanx

2. (from ta hopla meaning tool or equipment)

3. Phalanx Selection
Physically fit (heavy armor – pounds & no ventilation
Better nourished middle-class (better able to cope with strain)
Tendency to grow beards as shock-absorbers to minimize chafing of helmets

4. “Men wear their helmets and their breastplates for their own needs, but they carry shields for the men of the entire line” –Plutarch (Greek philosopher and historian)

5. Shield was referred as a hoplon
Soldier’s name was hoplon or hoplite
8 foot spear

6. The Concept Head on, straight level ground
Common in greek valleys (occupy entire width)
Short battles as men needed to get back to their jobs as artisans, farmers, trademen (Sparta was only full—time military)

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