1. The Analysis of Fire Test for the High Pressure Composite Cylinder
사례1) EOCS
Chang Jong, Kim Seung Hoon, Lee Young Gyu, Kim
KOREA GAS SAFETY COPORATION 1

2. Contents INTRODUCTION - Standard and Regulation of the Fire Test
EXPERIMENTS
- Procedures of the Fire Test / Results
CONCLUSIONS
- Discussion & Opinion

3. INTRODUCTION

4. About KGS [KOREA GAS SAFETY COPORATION]
KGS Institute of Gas Safety R&D
Project
Establishing the Foundation of Overall Tests for High Pressure Cylinders and Components
High pressure
Cylinder Part
Component Part
2010 : preliminary fire test
2011 : localized fire test
Today’s topic

5. Topic
Korean Hydrogen cylinder regulation for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle will be legislated in November 2011.
Currently, researches for rule-making related testing procedures and safety confirmation is underway.
Trend research and analysis of related standards such as UN ECE R 79, ISO/DS 15869, ECE GTR draft etc.
Safety confirmation of cylinder explosion occurred by local fire is at issue(is important).
The pool/local fire tests have different results depending on cylinder type.
1st test(completed) : pool fire test by cylinder type.
2nd test(scheduled) : local fire test by cylinder type(October-December 2011).
Korean hydrogen cylinder regulation which reflects the test result will be legislated.

6. High pressure gas storage system
Structure of the Fueling System
STATION
Under 1bar
10bar
High pressure gas storage system

7. Safety of the High-pressure Composite Cylinder
How can we insure
safety against fire?

8. Development Trend of International StandardWG

9. Standard and Regulation of the Fire Test (1)
ISO/DIS 15869: 2008
SAE J2579:2008
UN ECE R-79
Procedure
Cylinder filled to WP ; equipped
completely ; 100mm above fire
source of 1.65m;PRD/valves/fittings
Shielded
shielded
Cylinder filled to NWP ;filled with H2
or gas with higher thermal pressure build up ; equipped completely ; 100mm above fire source of 1.65m ; PRD/valves/fittings shielded
Requirements
of monitoring
Arrangement of fire ; surface
temperature sat at least 3 locations
(less 0.75m distance) ; pressure ; max. pressure ; time to venting
start and time of evacuation to 10bar
Surface temperatures (of at least 3 locations) ; temperature recording intervals<10sec ; time span from of
ignition to initiation ; max. pressure ;
release time to 10 bar
for approval
Fire : 590°C within 5min. after ignition ; cylinder : gas release through PRD without rupture
Fire : 590°C within 5min. after ignition ; min temperature 590°C
Results
(approval/rejection or other
measures
to be taken)
Approval by sufficient fire and gas release only through PRD without burst. Cylinders with thermal insulation must endure 20 min. bonfire without burst. PRD demounted (2samples)
Approval by sufficient fire and gas release only through PRD without burst.
Success or Failure
after ignition, the temperature must be over 590 degrees centigrade within 5 minutes
gas must be released only through PRDs without burst

10. Types of the Composite Cylinder
Materials
34CrMo4 Steel
Glass fiber epoxy
AA 6061 T6
Carbon fiber epoxy
HDPE
Weight
100%
80%
50%
45%
Technology
normal
high
Pictures

11. Pool Fire Test [Germany]
video file : Dynetek LTD. Germany

12. Standard and Regulation of the Fire Test (2)
CGA C14 `
SAE J2579
ISO/DIS 15869
UN ECE R-79
[fire test standard of the metal cylinder]
▶ Those standards and regulations were developed base on CGA C14.
▶ They do not include properties of the composite cylinder.
[ex] thermal conductivity
<metal cylinder>
<composite cylinder>
TPRD
heat
TPRD
heat
Fire
Fire

13. localized fire 5 min.(at 600℃) & Full fire (at 800℃)
Advanced Fire test standard by UN ECE WG29
Condition
&
Form
Purpose
TPRD (solenoid valve)
Fire
In case of the high pressure hydrogen storage system for FCV, there is the possiblity
of burst when fire occur locally(opposite TPRD)
With considering about local fire, UN ECE WG29 has developed the advanced Fire-test
method for FCV
Concept : apply strong fire at the limited part of container
(temperature should be 800℃ within 10 min.)
Fire-test should be independent of external wind
Localized fire 5 min.(at 600℃) / Full fire (at 800℃)
Under “2)”condition, confirm whether a PRD works or not
localized fire 5 min.(at 600℃) & Full fire (at 800℃)

14. [Preliminary Fire Test ]
EXPERIMENTS
[Preliminary Fire Test ]

15. Concept of the Fire Test
Windbreak
CNG cylinder
Vent line
test location : The mouth of Mankyung river in KIMJE, Korea.
test date : Oct. 11~ (2 weeks)
test cylindes : TypeⅡ cylinder 2EA, TypeⅢ cylinder 2EA, TypeⅣ cylinder 2EA
fire source : gasoline + kerosene
test regulation : ISO 15869, ANSI/NGV
TC sensors : located along the bottom of the cylinder 5EA, on cylinder 1EA, on valve 1EA
pressure sensor : 1EA

16. Preparing Fire Test 50 cm ground was dug to about 50 centimeters
Windbreak
50 cm
ground was dug to about 50 centimeters
emergency vent line was installed
windbreak was installed
TC 5EA [bottom part]
TC 1EA [valve]
TC 1EA [top part]
Vent Line
Valve, PRD protector

17. Procedures of the Fire Test (1)
◆ Measurement
DAQ(National Instrument)
&
Labview program
◆ Scene of test
[TypeⅡ] [TypeⅢ] [TypeⅣ]

18. Procedures of the Fire Test (2)
◆ Fire Test Video
VIDEO

19. Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅡ)
Time to 10 bar (after ventilation) : 230 sec
Time to 590 oC (Flame temp) : 26 sec
PRD starting point : 76 sec

20. Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅢ)
Time to 10 bar (after ventilation) : 192 sec
Time to 590 oC (Flame temp) : 80 sec
PRD starting point : 100 sec

21. Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅣ)
Time to 10 bar (after ventilation) : 225 sec
Time to 590oC (Flame temp) : 58 sec
PRD starting point : 131 sec

22. [TypeⅡ] [TypeⅢ] [TypeⅣ]
Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ)
[TypeⅡ] [TypeⅢ] [TypeⅣ]
TypeⅡ & TypeⅢ cylinder : the upward tendency of pressure
TypeⅣ : no change
In short, change of pressure inner cylinders depend on amount of heat conduction
because materials of liner are different.

23. Summary of Fire Test Results
Type Ⅱ
Type Ⅲ
Type Ⅳ
comparative analysis
Time to 10bar (sec)
230
192
225
Depend on cylinder volume
& PRD capacity
Time to 590oC (sec) 43 80 58
Need advanced study
PRD starting point (sec) 76
100
131
Depend on liner material
Change of pressure (bar) 5
9.2
1.6
The PRD venting time
TypeⅡ TypeⅢ TypeⅣ
Longer
Longer
Change of pressure (bar)
TypeⅡ : small change  PRD venting time is the shortest
TypeⅢ > Type Ⅳ  difference of Heat delivery

24. CONCLUSIONS

25. Summary composite cylinder
The present regulation and standard of fire test for the composite cylinder
no consideration about various types[materials] of cylinder
no method to confirm safety of the composite cylinder against localized fire
The advanced regulation and standard of fire test for the composite cylinder
include properties of various types[materials] of cylinder
add a test method to confirm safety of the composite cylinder against localized fire
[EX]
composite cylinder
TPRD
TPRD

26. KGS go ahead with a plan
Safety confirmation of cylinder explosion occurred by local fire is important.
The pool/local fire tests have different results depending on cylinder type.
KGS will analysis continuously about trend research and analysis of related International standards.
Continuously, researches for rule-making related testing procedures and safety confirmation is stepping up.
2nd test(scheduled) : local fire test by cylinder type(October-December 2011).
Korean hydrogen cylinder regulation which reflects the test result will be legislated.

27. Plan of Localized Fire Test
Concept of fire test
Vent line
LPG line
350bar or 700bar Hydrogen
Protective wall

28. Thank you!!