1. Invited commentary: A single nucleotide polymorphism in BMP15 is associated with high response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation 
Ronit Abir, Benjamin Fisch 
Reproductive BioMedicine Online 
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages (July 2011)
DOI: /j.rbmo
Copyright © 2011 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Illustration of various possible major functions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15 and its deletions in the mammalian ovary (modified from Chen et al., 2009; Gueripel et al., 2006; Hanevik et al., 2011; Margulis et al., 2009; Moron et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2007). (A) BMP15-activated growth of primordial follicles to secondary follicles (Pf=primordial follicle, 2nd=secondary follicle). (B) An activating heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a BMP15 allele (Y235C) resulted in hypergonadotrophic ovarian failure, ovarian dysgenesis and reduced granulosa cell growth. (C) BMP15-inhibited FSH receptor expression in granulosa cells (FSHR=FSH receptor, –=inhibition). (D) Homozygosity for SNP resulted in sterility with early follicular arrest at primary stages and “streak” ovaries (1st=primary follicle). (E) BMP15 and BMPRIB SNP (in BMP15-9G allele, a missense mutations in codon 103 of BMP15, over-expression of TGGA) reduced BMP15 concentration leading to increased FSHR concentration in granulosa cells, increased follicular sensitivity to FSH and increased oestrogen and stem cell factor (SCF) production. These events could lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and over-sensitivity to LH stimulation. Downward arrow=reduction in BMP15 concentration, upward arrow=increased 17β-oestradiol (E2) and SCF concentrations, +=increased FSHR concentration, triangles represent FSH. (F) Possible connection between deletions in BMP15 905G allele and low response. (G) Genetic polymorphism markers (−9C>G and IVS1+905A>G) and association with anovulation or infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (H) Association between cumulus expansion and BMP15. Upward arrow=increased BMP15 concentration. (I) Elevated follicular fluid (FF) BMP15 concentration correlated with high-quality oocytes and improved embryonic development. Upward arrow=increased BMP15 concentration.
Reproductive BioMedicine Online  , 77-80DOI: ( /j.rbmo )
Copyright © 2011 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions