1. Daily Question
Manor system
lord provides:
Peasants provide:

2. Out of the “Dark Ages”?

3. Objective
Understand the rise of the Catholic Church as political leaders of Western Europe
Understand Charlemagne’s impact on the development of the later medieval period

4. Christianity after the fall of the Roman Empire

5. The Rise of the Papacy
After the fall of Rome, there was no single authority to maintain order in society
Catholic Church fills the void left by Rome
Bishop of Rome becomes the Pope (father)
Peter is considered the 1st Pope to many Christians

6. The Rise of Papacy
Constantine calls the Council of Nicea to organize Christian beliefs (325)
Heresy-those who oppose or differ from the traditional teachings of the Christian Church
Organizing the Christian Church forced many to abandon their beliefs or die

7. Growth of the Church Conversions throughout Europe: Pope Gregory I
Clovis King of the Franks
Anglo-Saxons Archbishop of Canterbury becomes head of English Church
Pope Gregory I
Helped develop Church teaching during the medieval period
Monasticism-center of Christian life; where Christian learning takes place (Monks)

8. Charlemagne
Einhard was a gov’t official during the time of Charlemagne
Charlemagne:
6 ft. Tall…well above the typical 5 ft.
Piercing eyes, fair hair, and thick neck
A great warrior…conquered Spain in the west to the Danube River in the East
Goal was to unite Germanic tribes under one Christian kingdom

9. Important Events in the life of Charlemagne
Pepin III, his father, helped Pope defend Rome
Charlemagne helps Pope defend Rome from Lombards in 774 CE
Marched into Italy to defeat the Lombards

10. Important Events in the life of Charlemagne
December 25, 800 CE
Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Emperor
Christian coronation provides legitimacy to any king/emperor
RESULT: THE POPE MAKES KINGS AND EMPERORS
Europe united under new Christian kingdom (Christendom) called the Holy Roman Empire

11. Charlemagne’s Holy Roman Empire in 800 CE

12. The Holy Roman Empire
Created the Feudal system-giving land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service
Carolingian Renaissance-attempt by Charlemagne to revive Roman civilization

13. The Carolingian Renaissance
Emphasis on Education
Many people, including the clergy, were illiterate
Importance of literacy-the ability to read and write
Carolingian miniscule-writing standard using spaces between words and capital letters

14. An Early 10th Century manuscript that uses the Carolingian miniscule
An Early 10th Century manuscript that uses the Carolingian miniscule. Charlemagne endorsed this script to help make his people more literate

15. After Charlemagne Charlemagne dies in 814 CE
His empire becomes weak…breaks into 3 different kingdoms
Treaty of Verdun, 814 CE
Eventually would be invaded by Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings

16. The split of Charlemagne’s Empire in 814 CE
The split of Charlemagne’s Empire in 814 CE. Known as the Treaty of Verdun, it gave each son of Charlemagne his own area to control

17. The impact of Charlemagne
Created a Christian kingdom under his leadership Improved education, literacy, and writing Created feudalism It could be argued that he pulled most of Western Europe out of the Dark Ages 1. 2. 3.

18. Question
Describe one impact Charlemagne had on Western Europe during the medieval period. You must use at least one supporting detail.