1. Horn and Trumpet Pedagogy ISU Summer Band Directors Workshop David W. Snyder ISU Summer Band Directors Workshop David W. Snyder

2. Horn Equipment Double vs Single Horns – Switch as soon as possible Good brands – Conn 8-D (Vintage)- $6500 – Conn 8-D -$4169 – Holton 179 or 180- $3979 – Yamaha 667-$4091

3. Horn Equipment Problems Stuck valves and tuning slides – Penetrating oil – Move valve arm on back rotor Oil valves at the rotors NOT the tuning slides Water

4. Holding Position and Posture Problems Student reaching up or down to lead pipe – Its not a saxophone! – Lead pipe should angle slightly down from embouchure (should follow angle of the bite) – Adjust right leg height Bell pointed in towards stomach Playing off the leg? – Hand brace is helpful – RH is at 3:00 position – Horn rests on thumb and knuckle of 1 st finger

5. Right Hand Position Problems Hand blocks the bell Hand not in the bell at all Hand in wrong position – Hand should be slightly cupped; fingers together – Hand should be at 4:00 position – Knuckles should be where the flare of the bell gets wide

6. Right Hand Position (correct)

7. Right Hand Position (incorrect)

8. Embouchure Problems Too much upper or lower lip in mouthpiece – Should be 2/3 top…1/3 bottom – Angle Teeth too closed – Results in tight sound Tongue to high in mouth – Results in closed / tight sound Think Aah – Imagine a golf ball inside the mouth

9. Air Problems Breath deep and use MORE air all of the time! Paper exercise to teach support – Up close for low range – Farther away for high range

10. Tuning Problems You need to know what slide controls what notes – Main tuning slide is always the first slide off the lead pipe – The F side tuning slide is the other one in back – Not all double horns have a Bb side tuning slide (Conn/Geyer/Yamaha 667 dont) – Bb side valve slides should be pulled proportionally less Tuning both sides – Use a written 3 rd space C to get the sides in agreement Right hand – More covered…flatter – More open…sharper

11. Special Techniques Stopped horn – +,Gestopft, bouche – Finger the note a ½ step lower than written on the F side – Smaller hands may be able to finger a ½ higher on the F side – Dont shove the right hand in farther… close the door – Stopped mutes ($40-55) Lip trills – Should be used in all Mozart horn concertos – C to D can both be played open on the F side

12. Stopped Horn(Correct)

13. Resources Two articles by me out there with pictures… – SBO Magazine, July 2009 – Instrumentalist Magazine, November 2007 – Can access these on my website at: www.cfa.ilstu.edu/dsnyder/news www.cfa.ilstu.edu/dsnyder/news

14. Trumpet Equipment Cornet vs Trumpet for beginners – Yamaha – Shepherds crook Good HS instruments – Bach Stradivarius trumpets ($2600-2800)

15. Trumpet Equipment Problems Stuck valves – Loosen valve cap NOT valve stem – Oil the piston NOT the spring – Make sure piston is being pushed straight down Third valve ring – Make sure they have one!

16. Holding Position and Posture Problems Lead pipe angle should match teeth… – In most cases, lead pipe should angle slightly down from embouchure (should follow angle of the bite) – Coffee stirrer …or bottom jaw should move out to line up teeth Left hand – Make sure 3 rd slide ring is adjusted to fit grip of students Right hand – fingers should be curved like C – Thumb should rest in between 1 st and 2 nd valve

17. Embouchure Problems Too much upper or lower lip – Should be half and half Teeth too closed – Results in tight sound Tongue to high in mouth – Results in closed / tight sound Tongue position for different ranges – Oh(low), ah(middle), eeh(high)

18. Tuning Problems You need to know pitch tendencies – 1-3 (D) and 123 (C#) are sharp (use 3 rd slide ring and 1 st slide saddle) – Fourth space E (5 th partial) and fourth line D are flat – Top space G (6 th partial) is sharp Upper register – Young players pinch causing them to go sharp – Drop the jaw to open up sound and drop pitch

19. Special Techniques Mutes – Different types – Match brands if possible Different mouthpieces – Use deeper cup mouthpiece for darker sounds – Use a flugel mouthpiece with a flugel horn! Range – Start doing lip slurs from the beginning (see hand out) Multiple tonguing – Use t-k-t or d-g-d for fast triplets

20. What else?… Questions? Contact me at dsnyder@ilstu.edu