1. Accessory Digestive Organs

2. Accessory Digestive Organs
Assists Alimentary Canal in digestive process
Includes…
Salivary glands
Teeth
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

3. Pancreas
Gland that produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food
Enzymes are secreted into the duodenum (first part of small intestine)
Alkaline (basic) fluid introduced with enzymes neutralizes acidic chyme
Endocrine products of pancreas include:
Insulin
Glucagons
(we’ll talk about these with the endocrine system!!!)

5. Digestion
The entire process of digestion can take anywhere from hours
Most of this time will be spent in the large intestine
Ingestion of approximately 2000 mL of food & drink will result in the defecation of approximately 150 mL of feces

6. Absorption of water and nutrients
(goblet cells)
Absorption of water

7. Chemical Digestion: Carbohydrates
Break down into simple sugars (monosaccharides, such as glucose)
Remember, carbs are polysaccharides!
Digestion:
In Mouth: salivary amylase digests starches
In Small Intestine: Pancreatic enzymes, and additional secretions from walls of small intestine continue breakdown

8. Chemical Digestion: Proteins
Break down into amino acids
Digestion:
In Stomach: HCl causes proteins to denature (untangle), Pepsin begins breakdown process
In Small Intestine: Pancreatic enzymes continue breakdown

9. Chemical Digestion: Fats
Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
Digestion:
In Small Intestine: Bile salts help to emulsify large fats, Pancreatic enzymes breaks down the fats into smaller components

10. Chemical Digestion: Fats

11. Role of Bacteria
The bacterial flora of the large intestine consist of:
Bacteria surviving the small intestine that enter the cecum and
Those entering via the anus
These bacteria:
Colonize the colon
Ferment indigestible carbohydrates
Release gases (flatus – methane and hydrogen sulfide)
Synthesize vitamins B and K

12.
Hypertension.htm