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Teaching Young Children
OBJECTIVE 3.02 Understand selection and use of teaching methods.
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Teaching Young Children Part 1: Selecting Teaching Methods
Ways Children Learn The Role of Play Materials A Teaching Methods
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Selecting Teaching Methods
In order to select appropriate teaching methods, you need to know about The ways children learn The role of play materials Factors to consider when selecting toys and play materials A Teaching Methods
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How do children learn? From the environment From a teacher
From their experiences A Teaching Methods
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Learning from the environment
Variety of manipulatives Interactive environment with opportunities to explore and experiment A Teaching Methods
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Learning from a teacher
Provides positive reinforcement Is a good role model for children to imitate When a person shows someone else how to do something, this is called modeling. A Teaching Methods
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Learning from experiences
Sensory elements Trial and error Learn from mistakes Address all areas of development A Teaching Methods
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The Role of Play Materials
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Play is the business of children.
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Play “plays” a very important role in learning.
Play = Learning Play “plays” a very important role in learning.
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2 Types of Play Materials
Open-ended --- can be used in a variety of ways, with no one correct way to play with them Closed-ended --- structured materials meant to be used in one way, with one intended outcome A Teaching Methods
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Can you think of examples of each?
Open-ended Closed-ended Both types offer benefits for children. A Teaching Methods
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Benefits of Open-ended Materials for Children
Develop independence Learn to make decisions Learn to solve problems Use their imagination A Teaching Methods
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Benefits of Closed-ended Materials for Children
Learn to follow directions Develop sensory perception Help develop motor skills A Teaching Methods
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Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Safety Rounded, smooth edges Nontoxic A Teaching Methods
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Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Durability Easy to clean Appropriate for different ages Encourages cooperative play, not aggressive play A Teaching Methods
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Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Number of children who can use at one time Storage space available A Teaching Methods
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Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Multi-purpose Encourages active involvement, not passive observation A Teaching Methods
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Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Teaches basic concepts Allows for sensory learning A Teaching Methods
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Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials
Enjoyed by both boys and girls Fun to play with A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Young Children Part 2: Using Teaching Methods
Planning Lessons A Teaching Methods
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Using Teaching Methods
In order to use teaching methods effectively, you need to know about Planning lessons Teaching styles Teaching techniques A Teaching Methods
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Lesson Plan A detailed written explanation of a learning activity
Like an architect prepares a blueprint so that the builder will know every detail about how the building should be built, and to guarantee that the building is physically sound and aesthetically pleasing; similarly, a teacher prepares a lesson plan with every detail about how the lesson is to be taught, which better ensures that the lesson will be effective and that children will participate and learn. The only difference is that . . . A Teaching Methods
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The only difference is that the teacher is both the architect and the builder.
A Teaching Methods
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Purposes of Lesson Plans
Serves as an organizational tool Forces teachers to think ahead Enables teachers to think through what they want to do Provides time to gather needed materials Can be saved for future reference A Teaching Methods
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Results of Teaching without Lesson Plans???
Lessons flounder and fail Time wasted Children bored Materials not ready Things left out chaos A Teaching Methods
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Components of Lesson Plans
Let’s look at each of these more closely. . . Target age group Topic or theme Purpose Concepts to be learned Skills to be developed Materials needed Procedures Questions Follow-up activities Evaluation A Teaching Methods
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Age or level of development of children
Target Age Group Age or level of development of children Example: Three-year-olds A Teaching Methods
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Things to aim for and reach Targets
Purpose of Lesson Stated as objectives Things to aim for and reach Targets Example: The learners will be able to (TLWBAT) recognize basic shapes. A Teaching Methods
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What could be an objective for this learning activity?
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Concepts to Be Learned Skills to Be Developed
List exactly the concepts and skills that will be learned/developed. Concept: Objects can be counted one at a time. Skill: Counting from 1 to 10 A Teaching Methods
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Concepts to Be Learned Skills to Be Developed
List exactly the concepts and skills that will be learned/developed. What concepts and skills can be developed from playing dress-up? Concept? Skill? A Teaching Methods
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List all materials needed State quantities
(Example) Materials Needed 6 sets crayons 1 4-in. paper square per child 6 bottles white glue Yarn, assorted lengths, colors List all materials needed State quantities This serves as the teacher’s checklist for getting prepared. A Teaching Methods
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Procedures Outline steps for leading the activity
Put them in correct sequence Be thorough (Example) Procedures: Have children sit in a circle. Introduction: Ask children to close their eyes and picture their most favorite food. Tell children that they are going to learn about foods that make their bodies strong and healthy. Read the first page of the book . . . A Teaching Methods
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Lessons usually include these lesson functions:
Focus and review - an introduction to capture attention, focus on the topic, review Statement of objective – to state what children will learn Teacher input – to introduce new information Student guided practice – to give children a chance to use the new information Independent practice –to see how well children can do things on their own Closure - to summarize, bring the activity to an end Closure may include transition to the next activity... A Teaching Methods
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“What happens if we push just one button at a time?”
Example: “What happens if we push just one button at a time?” Questions To focus thinking and guide learning A Teaching Methods
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To reinforce what was learned
Follow-up Activities To reinforce what was learned To provide additional help for children who need it A Teaching Methods
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Example: “Next time I will remember to work with a smaller number of children at a time . . .” Evaluation To assess the effectiveness of the lesson Number of children who were successful Adaptations needed for different ability levels Ways to improve Would you use again? A Teaching Methods
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A transition serves as a bridge . . .
Short activities that guide children smoothly from one activity to another A transition serves as a bridge . . . A Teaching Methods
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Transition signals may be
visual or auditory. A Teaching Methods
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“Move to Circle Time like an elephant walking through the jungle.
Transition Methods Move a few children at a time while others do another activity Sort children by colors of clothing worn (or other categories); move by groups Have children move as though they were specific animals A Teaching Methods
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Transition Methods Job Jar
To start an activity, use a prop or something special to capture interest For clean-up transition, use a job board or a job jar Use choice time to let children decide the activity they wish to do next Job Jar A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Young Children Part 3: Using Teaching Methods
Teaching Styles Teaching Techniques A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Styles The ways in which teachers conduct their classes
Think about the ways in which some of YOUR teachers conduct their classes . . . Teaching Styles The ways in which teachers conduct their classes A Teaching Methods
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Teaching style includes
The teacher’s expectations about behavior The degree of structure in lessons The degree of spontaneity in lessons You know, spontaneous! Spontaneity is when the teacher follows her impulses, lets things happen naturally. What’s spontaneity? A Teaching Methods
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Factors Affecting Teaching Styles
The teacher’s personality The teacher’s own learning style The teacher’s beliefs about teaching and learning A Teaching Methods
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Ways Children Respond to Teaching Styles
One style is not necessarily better Children benefit from many different styles Sensitive teachers are aware of their own teaching styles Effective teachers know how to adapt their styles as needed A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Techniques A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #1: Arrange the environment
Provide adequate space Organize space so activity can be done safely and easily A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #2: Set the stage
Ready... Set... Use an opener to catch their attention Let children know what to expect Help children get into the right frame of mind Use a focus object – an item related to the activity that helps introduce it A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #3: Handle play activities
Serve as the facilitator, not the controller Help children get the most out of play Recognize teachable moments --- unplanned times when children are ready to learn A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #4: Group children appropriately
Factors to consider Number of children Age range Ability levels A Teaching Methods
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Methods of Grouping Chronological grouping – same age together
Developmental grouping – same ability levels together Family grouping – same age range together Random grouping – grouping with no pattern in mind; each child has an equal chance to be in any group A Teaching Methods
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Advantages/Disadvantages of Grouping by Age or Ability
Advantage: Easier to plan lessons Disadvantage: Children miss the opportunity to relate to children of other ages/abilities Can you think of other advantages or disadvantages? A Teaching Methods
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Advantages/Disadvantages of Family Grouping
Advantage: Individual children have a greater chance of learning Advantage: Children have more opportunity to learn to relate with children of other ages Disadvantage: The range of developmental needs is challenging for teachers Can you think of other advantages or disadvantages? A Teaching Methods
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Conditions under which smaller groups are needed:
When much personal attention is required When learning new skills When the activity is complex With younger children When children are prone to misbehave A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #5: Use concrete objects
Children understand best when they can see and touch Descriptive words sometimes have little meaning for young children A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #6: Use open-ended questions
Require more than a “yes” or “no” answer There is no right or wrong response Encourage children to express themselves Stimulate creativity and language development A Teaching Methods
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Teaching Technique #7: Use other techniques effectively.
Visuals can reinforce learning Props can capture attention and add variety A Teaching Methods
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That’s all for now! A Teaching Methods
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