1. HIV/AIDS Training for Health Facility Employees
Based on KNOW Curriculum from the
Washington State Department of Health
Edition 7- December 2014 revised and edited by Janee Moore MPH, Luke Syphard MPH, and David Heal MSW

2. Etiology and Epidemiology
Section One

3. Definitions of HIV and AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Attacks and damages immune system
Damages body’s ability to fight diseases and infections
Can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Condition caused by advanced stages of HIV infection
Not hereditary – HIV must enter bloodstream to infect someone
Damaged immune system increases vulnerability to diseases

4. Stages of HIV
Stage 0
Negative HIV test within 6 months of the first HIV infection diagnosis
Stage 1
For persons aged:
Less than 1 year with a CD4+ (T-cell) count ≥1,500
1-5 years with a CD4+ count ≥ 1,000
6 years through adult with a CD4+ count ≥500
Stage 2
Less than 1 year with a CD4+ count 750-1,499
1-5 years with a CD4+ count
6 years through adult with a CD4+ count
Stage 3
More commonly referred to AIDS
less than 1 year with a CD4+ count < 500
1-5 years with a CD4+ count < 500
6 years through adult with a CD4+ count < 200

5. How HIV Works in the Body
T-Helper Lymphocyte (T4 Cell)
Essential for regulating immune response to disease-causing organisms (bacteria or viruses).
Targeted and destroyed by HIV, causing insufficient antibodies to fight the infection
Source: Accessed: July 16, 2018.

6. How HIV Works in the Body
Primary or Acute HIV Infection
First stage of infection when virus first establishes itself in the body
Window Period
Period of time between first infection and when HIV antibodies can be detected through and HIV test
Asymptomatic Stage
HIV virus is replicating and destroying T4 Cells

7. The Origin of HIV 1983: HIV discovered
1999: Subspecies of chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa identified as original source of the HIV-1 virus
Transmission through migration, housing, travel, sexual practices, drug use, warfare

8. Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS
1981: AIDS first recognized in United States
1982: First reported case of AIDS in Washington State
U.S. Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in the U.S…
25% of people carrying HIV are unaware
50,000 persons become newly infected each year
In 2010 about 15,500 people with AIDS died
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the recommended treatment
Prevents HIV from multiplying and destroying T-Helper Lymphocytes (T4 Cell)

9. HIV and AIDS Case Reporting
Purpose of disease reporting:
Collect information about infected people
Learn how to create disease prevention programs
Assure those infected are directed toward medical care
Identify those infected, and try to stop spread of infection

10. HIV and AIDS Case Reporting
The following people must report HIV and AIDS cases to authorities
Health care providers
Hospitals and other health care facilities
Laboratories
Local health jurisdictions
Confidentiality
State laws protect the identity of persons reported with HIV and AIDS