1. SB1. Students will analyze the nature of relationships between structures and functions in living things
Macromolecules
c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).

2. LEQ2. What is the role of the four major macromolecules?
Essential Question
What is the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells?
LEQ2. What is the role of the four major macromolecules?

3. VOCABULARY YOU NEED TO KNOW
Macromolecule or Organic Compound
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Amino Acid
Polypeptide
Saturated
Unsaturated

4. Biochemical Compounds
Living things depend on biochemical processes that involve chemical reactions among biochemical compounds.
There are 4 main classes of biochemical compounds
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

5. Carbohydrates Found in breads, pastas, and fruit Contain C,O, and H
Examples: Sugars, Starches, and Cellulose
Used as sources of energy for cells
Some carbs give structure to living cells
In plants, cellulose is a rigid material that gives support to plant cells

6. Monosaccharide The simplest type of carbohydrate
Examples of monosaccharide
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
All of these are simple sugars
Glucose

7. Disaccharides Two monosaccharides bonded together
Example of a disaccharide
Sucrose
Sucrose is commonly known as table sugar

8. Polysaccharides Chains of Monosaccharides Examples Starch Cellulose
Glycogen

9. All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT:
CONCEPT CHECK
All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT:
Used as a source of energy for cells
Cellulose is used in plants to give the rigidity and support
Some carbs give structure to living cells
Carbohydrates act as waterproof coverings for cells

10. Carbon Bonds Each molecule of carbohydrate contains many carbon bonds
As these bonds are broken, quick energy is released for use by the organism

11. Proteins Organic molecules composed of many atoms of C, H, O, and N
Made of building blocks called amino acids
Amino acid-carbon compound whose molecule contains at least one amino group (-NH ) and one carboxyl group (-COOH)

12. Proteins Amino acids join together to form chains
There are 20 different amino acids
The amino group of one amino acid bonds to the carboxyl group of another
The bond that holds two amino acids together is called a peptide bond

13. Proteins When two amino acids bond together, they form a dipeptide
Additional amino acids may join with a dipeptide to form a polypeptide

14. Proteins-Levels of Organization
1st Level: Protein Chain
2nd Level: Chain that is coiled or folded into spirals
3rd Level: Chain that is twisted or folded into a 3D shape
4th Level: More than one chain bound together, each chain with a specific arrangement

16. Role of Proteins
The sequence and arrangement of amino acids determines the specific role of the protein
Functional
Take part in chemical reactions and transporting materials (hormones, such as insulin, and catalysts such as enzymes)
Structural
Serve as building blocks (Collagen-forms bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage)

17. Proteins are made up of building blocks called:
CONCEPT CHECK
Proteins are made up of building blocks called:
Nucleic acids
Carbs
Amino acids
Polypeptides

18. Lipids Examples: Fats and oils
Organic molecules that do not dissolve or break apart in water
Found as fats in animals and oil in plants
Store energy from excess food and insulate and waterproof organisms

19. Lipids
Many lipids are formed from a combination of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules
Consist of C, H, and O
Saturated-if each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon by a single bond
Unsaturated-if there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms

22. Nucleic Acids
The information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next-genetic information- is stored in nucleic acids
Made of C,H,O,N, and P
Nucleic acids are assembled from individual units called nucleotides
2 Most important nucleic acids
DNA (Deoxyrionucleic acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

23. Nucleic Acids The genetic information is stored in DNA.
It is TRANSCRIBED into RNA, and then used to direct the production of PROTEINS!

24. CONCEPT CHECK
After analyzing the following statements determine which of the following statements is true about lipids?
Lipids act as waterproof coverings
An example of lipids is fats and waxes
Saturated and unsaturated fats exist
All of the above are true

25. CONCEPT CHECK
Amino acids are to proteins as __________ are to nucleic acids.