1. What types of bonds are shown here?:

2. These are covalent bonds
These atoms now share an electron pair

3. What are these functional groups:
-COOH
-OH
-NH2
-SH
-PO4

4. -COOH Carboxyl
-OH Hydroxyl
-NH Amino
-SH Sulfhydryl
-PO Phosphate

5. What is an isotope?

6. What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass
Example would be 14C and 12C

7. What type of macromolecule has the general chemical formula (CH2O)n?

8. Carbohydrates have the general formula (CH2O)n

9. What type of macromolecule is made of amino acids?

10. What type of macromolecule is made of amino acids?
Proteins or Polypeptides

11. What is hydrolysis?

12. What is hydrolysis?
The addition of water that breaks a large macromolecule into two smaller molecules

13. What type of molecule is depicted below:

14. This is a phospholipid

15. What is a nucleotide?

16. What is a nucleotide? It is the building block for a nucleic acid
It contains a pentose (5 carbon sugar), a nitrogen-containing base (A,C,G,T, or U) and one to three phosphate groups
An example would be ATP, the energy currency of the cell

17. What is an isomer?

18. What is an isomer? Same chemical formula, different structural formula
Examples include:
glucose and fructose
L and D amino acids

19. Identify the parts of the enzyme shown below:

20. Holoenzyme: Apoenzyme + Cofactor

21. What type of inhibitors are shown in b and c?

22. Competitive inhibitors compete for the active site
Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an allosteric site

23. In this reaction, what happens to molecule A and molecule B?

24. Redox Reaction A is oxidized (gave up hydrogen)
B is reduced (gained hydrogen)

25. Which class of enzymes requires ATP?

26. Which class of enzymes requires ATP?
Ligases, used in synthesis reactions

27. What do hydrolases do?

28. What do hydrolases do? Participate in hydrolysis reactions
Split molecules by adding water

29. What class of enzymes split molecules without adding water?

30. What class of enzymes split molecules without adding water?
Lyases

31. What class of enzyme would convert glucose to fructose?

32. What class of enzyme would convert glucose to fructose?
An isomerase