1. Nutrition & Digestion
Test Review

2. Nutrients Substances needed for: Obtained from the food we eat
Cell repair
Cell growth
Energy
Obtained from the food we eat

3. Nutrients
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

4. Protein Replacement of cells Growth Large molecules
C, H, O, N, S
Smaller molecules called Amino Acids
Found in meats, eggs, beans

5. Carbohydrates Primary energy source Molecules of C, H, O
Sugars ~ simple carbohydrates
Starches ~ complex carbohydrates
Fiber
Not digested; provides bulk

6. Fats Also called lipids Provide energy / stores energy Absorb vitamins
Make up cell membranes
Oils at room T ~ usually unsaturated fats
Solid at Room T – saturated fats
High levels of cholesterol

7. Vitamins Organic (contain carbon) Growth Regulate body functions
Prevent disease
No food has all vitamins
Water soluble
Fat soluble
Stored in body

8. Minerals Inorganic (no carbon) Regulate chemical reactions Build cells
Found on the periodic table
Regulate chemical reactions
Build cells
Conduct nerve impulses
Carry oxygen

9. Water
Nutrients carried in water
Used in chemical reactions

10. Digestion
Process the breaks down food into small molecules that can be used by the body
Mechanical ~ chewing, mixing, churning
Chemical ~ chemicals break down food

11. Digestive system Digestive tract Alimentary canal
Organs used in digestion

12. Digestive system Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

13. Digestive system Accessory organs ~ food does not pass through Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

14. Mouth Teeth Mechanical digestion ~ chewing
Chemical digestion ~ amylase in saliva

15. Esophagus Peristalsis ~ muscular action that moves food
Lined with mucus
Epiglottis prevent food from going into trachea

16. Stomach Muscular bag Lined with folds Mechanical & chemical digestion
Enzymes (help speed up chemical reactions) & digestive juices
Chyme

17. Stomach

18. Small intestine 3 parts Most digestion occurs here Lined with villi
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Most digestion occurs here
Lined with villi
Projections that increase surface area

19. Small intestine

20. Large intestine Colon Absorbs water Forms feces Rectum ~ stores feces
Maintains homeostasis ~ steady state
Forms feces
Rectum ~ stores feces
Anus ~ strong round muscles (sphincter)

21. Large intestine

22. Accessory organs Produce and store digestive chemicals
Food does not pass through these

23. Liver Makes bile Also: Detoxifies poisons Stores glycogen
Synthesizes proteins

24. Liver

25. Gall bladder
Muscular sac attached to the liver
Stores bile.

26. Gall bladder

27. Pancreas
Makes enzymes
Also hormones

28. Pancreas