1. Earth’s Terrestrial Biomes

2. Temperate Deciduous Forest
Average Yearly Rainfall 75 to 125 cm
Average Temp. (Summer: 28ºC Winter: 6ºC)
mammals, birds, & reptiles thrive on leaves, seeds, nuts, & insects

3. Birds: finches, chickadees, & jays
Taiga Forest
•Average Yearly Rainfall 35 to 75 cm
•Average Temp. (Summer: 14ºC Winter: −10ºC)
Squirrels, insects
Birds: finches, chickadees, & jays
Herbivores: porcupines, elk, & moose
ground covered by a layer of needles
very little light reaches the ground
few plants can grow beneath trees
due to lack of light

4. Tropical Rain Forest
•Average Yearly Rainfall up to 400 cm
•Average Temp. (Daytime: 34ºC Nighttime: 20ºC)
greater variety of organisms than
any other biome
most nutrients are found in the plants
soil is very thin & poor in nutrients
trees grow roots above ground for extra support

5. Temperate Grassland
•Average Yearly Rainfall 25 to 75 cm
•Average Temp. (Summer: 30ºC Winter: 0ºC)
few trees
fires, drought, & grazing prevent growth of trees & shrubs
support small seed-eating animals: prairie dogs & mice
large mammals graze on grasses

6. Savanna (Grassland)
•Average Yearly Rainfall 150 cm
•Average Temp. (Dry season: 34ºC Wet season: 16ºC)
Africa, India, & South America
dry season: grasses dry out & turn yellow
deep roots survive for many months without water
African savanna large herbivores: elephants, giraffes, zebras, &
wildebeests

7. Hot Desert
•Average Yearly Rainfall less than 25 cm
•Average Temp (Summer: 38ºC Winter: 7ºC)
plants grow far apart so they won’t compete for water
plants have shallow, widespread roots that grow just under the surface to take up water during a storm
cactuses have fleshy stems & leaves to store water
leaves have a waxy coating to prevent water loss many animals are active at night when temperatures are cooler, some
borough in the ground, & are dormant during the dry season (estivation). tortoises eat flowers or leaves and store the water under their shells

8. Tundra
•Average Yearly Rainfall 30 to 50 cm
•Average Temp (Summer: 12ºC Winter: −26ºC)
soil beneath the surface stays frozen: permafrost
surface soil only thaws in summer
soil is too shallow for deep-rooted plants so only shallow-rooted plants: grasses & small shrubs
mosses & lichens grow beneath the plants
insects lay eggs in the mud, birds feed on the insects
other animals include: musk oxen, wolves, & caribou
Alpine Tundra
Alpine tundra has permafrost
found at the top of tall mountains
trees cannot grow on mountain
plenty of sunlight & precipitation
Arctic Tundra

9. Warm Up Type of Biome Temperature/ Rainfall Examples & Characteristics
______________
summer: 38
winter: 7C
rain: less than 25 cm
per year
jack rabbit
____________________
_______________ __
dry season: 34C
wet season: 16 C
rain: 150 cm per year
has scattered clumps of trees
___________________
daytime: 34C
night time: 20C
rain: up to 400 cm per year
the most biologically diverse biome
summer: 28C
winter: 6C
rain: cm per year
woody shrubs
summer: 12C
winter: -26C
rain: cm per year
has no trees

10. Warm Up has scattered clumps of trees and seasonal rains.
has trees that produce seeds in cones.
has permafrost.
has trees that lose their leaves during the winter or the dry season.
has greatest diversity of plants and animals.
is very dry and often very hot.
has many grasses and few trees.
a. tundra
b. temperate grasslands
c. desert
d. coniferous forest
e. temperate deciduous forest
f. tropical rain forest
g. savanna
1. g 2. d 4.a 4. e 5. f 6. c 7. b 10

11. Water Biomes

12. Marine Biomes:
Ocean
Abiotic factors: water temperature, water depth, & the amount of sunlight that passes through the water
As the depth of the water increases the temperature decreases.

13. Ocean cont…Abiotic factors: water temperature, water depth, & the amount of sunlight that passes through the water
Intertidal zone:
adaptations to survive air exposure & keep from being washed away by the waves water is warm & receives lots of sunlight
Plants and animals: corals, sea turtles, fishes, & dolphins
Neritic zone: deep water of open ocean
Plants: Plankton found near the surface
Animals: fishes, whales, & sharks
Some animals live in very deep water & get food from material that sinks down from the surface
Benthic zone: no sunlight, very cold
Animals: fishes, worms, & crabs which get food by eating material that sinks from above Chemosynthesis: organisms get energy from chemicals that escape from thermal vents

15. Marine Biomes cont.
Intertidal Areas
found near the shore.
Include: mudflats, sandy beaches, & rocky shores
organisms must be able to live both underwater & out of water
mudflats include: worms and crabs, shorebirds feed on these animals
sandy beaches: worms, clams, crabs, & plankton
rocky shores organisms have adaptations to keep from being swept away by crashing waves: use root-like structures called holdfasts to attach to rocks, others attach themselves by releasing a special glue-like substance.

16. Marine Biomes cont.
Coral Reefs
found in warm, shallow areas of the neritic zone
made up of small animals called corals that live in large groups
when corals die, they leave hard skeletons & new corals grow on their remains; skeletons build up and form a reef which is home to many marine animals & plants
organisms include: algae, brightly colored fishes, sponges, sea stars, & sea urchins.

17. Plants and animals must be able to survive in changing salt content
Marine Biomes cont…
Estuaries
where fresh water from streams & rivers spill into the ocean
the fresh water from rivers & salt water from the ocean are always mixing so amount of salt in the water changes
Plants and animals must be able to survive in changing salt content
fresh water is rich in nutrients which support large numbers of plankton
Plankton provide food for many animals.

18. contains floating algae called sargassums
Marine Biomes cont…
The Sargasso Sea
the Sargasso Sea in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
contains floating algae called sargassums
animals that live in the Sargasso Sea are the same color as the sargassums, helping them hide from predators .

19. Desert Ice: Antarctica
Mean Temps: Winter: (-40 to -70°C) Summer:(-15 to -35°C)
icy waters surrounding Antarctica are rich in
nutrients that support large numbers of plankton
fishes, birds, and mammals rely on the
plankton for food.
Animals include: penguins, seals, whales, & birds

20. Streams & Rivers
Important abiotic factor: how quickly water moves
Plants line the edges of streams and rivers
Fish live in the open waters
Clams & snails live in the mud at the bottom of a stream or river
Organisms in fast-moving water have adaptations to keep from being washed away: algae and moss are attached to rocks, tadpoles use suction disks to hold rocks, insects live under rocks.

21. Ponds and lakes
Life near Shore
littoral zone: closest to the edge of a lake or pond
Sunlight reaches the bottom and makes it possible for algae and plants to grow
Plants include: cattails and rushes
The plants are home to small animals: snails and insects
Clams and worms bury in the mud
Frogs, salamanders, turtles, fish, and snakes live in thiszone. Life Away from Shore
open-water zone: extends from the littoral zone across the top of the water goes as deep as sunlight can reach home to bass, lake trout, & other fishes, photosynthetic plankton
deep-water zone: beneath the open-water zone, no sunlight. Catfish, carp, worms, crustaceans, fungi, & bacteria live here & often feed on dead organisms that sink from above.

22. supports many different plants and animals
Wetland Ecosystems
area of land underwater or whose soil contains a great deal of moisture
supports many different plants and animals
play an important role in flood control : during heavy rains or spring snow melt, wetlands soak up large amounts of water
water in wetlands moves deeper into the ground to help replenish underground water supplies

23. Wetland Ecosystems cont…
Marshes
treeless wetland ecosystem found in shallow areas along the shores of lakes, ponds, rivers, & streams
plants vary depending on the depth of the water & the location of the marsh
grasses, reeds, bulrushes, & wild rice are common
muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes

24. Wetland Ecosystems cont…
Swamps
ecosystem of trees and vines found in low-lying areas & beside slow-moving rivers
most swamps are flooded part of the year
willows, bald cypresses, and oaks are common trees vines grow up tree trunks
plants, like orchids, may hang from tree branches; water lilies grow in standing water
fish, snakes, & birds live in swamps

25. Name That Biome!