1. Assessment of patented coronary end-to-side anastomotic devices using micromechanical bonding 
Jules S Scheltes, MSc, Martijn Heikens, BSc, Peter V Pistecky, MSc, Carolien J van Andel, MSc, Cornelius Borst, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 70, Issue 1, Pages (July 2000)
DOI: /S (00)

2. Fig 1
Examples from patents to illustrate four categories of bonding principles.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

3. Fig 2
Five steps during the micromechanical construction of an end-to-side anastomosis between an internal mammary artery graft and a coronary artery. Silicone tubes (inner diameter 15 mm, outer diameter 20 mm), have been used to improve the visibility on the apposition of the vessel walls. (a) Introduction of distal end of the graft into the bore of a tube-shaped anvil. (b) Eversion of the graft over the anvil to expose the intimal layer. (c) Introduction of anvil with everted graft into the lumen of the coronary artery to obtain intima–intima apposition. (d) Fixation of bonding elements to secure apposition of donor and recipient artery wall. (e) Removal of the anvil from the lumen of the coronary artery. (f) Resulting anastomosis.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

4. Fig 3
Sketch of the four functions of the anvil: (a) to obtain proper intima–intima apposition, (b) to create enough overlapping area for easy application of bonding elements, (c) to prevent movement of wall segment when bonding elements penetrate the vessel wall, and (d) to enable the bonding elements to be fixated by deformation.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

5. Fig 4
Location of maximal strain (arrow) when (a) an internal mammary artery graft has been everted around an anvil, and (b) when the everted internal mammary artery graft is introduced into the lumen of the coronary artery. The silicone 10:1 models in this figure represent a donor and recipient artery with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, an outer diameter of 2.0 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.25 mm. The round arteriotomy is 1.6 mm in diameter (equal to the outside diameter of the tube). The anvil inner diameter is 1.4 mm, the diameter of the outer rim of the anvil is 2.6 mm. Maximal strain is 1.02 (a) and 0.87 (b).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )