1. Chapter 8 & 9 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Why It’s Important Every cell in your body needs ___________ to function. This energy is acquired through photosynthesis and cellular respiration
energy

2. Objectives Chapter 5 Section 1 and Section 2
Analyze the flow of energy through living systems. (5.1)
Compare the metabolism of autotrophs with that of heterotrophs. (5.1)
Describe the role of ATP in metabolism. (5.1)
Describe the experiments that led to an understanding of photosynthesis (5.2)
Summarize how energy is captured from sunlight in the first stage of photosynthesis. (5.2)

3. New Vocabulary Section 8.1 Photosynthesis Autotroph Heterotroph
Cellular respiration
ATP
Section 8.2
Pigment
Chlorophyll
Carotenoid
Thylakoid
Granum / grana
stroma

4. All of an organism’s chemical reactions
Vocabulary Review
What is metabolism?
All of an organism’s chemical reactions
(especially those involving energy
transformations)

5. Energy in Living Systems
Section 1 Energy and Living Things
Chapter 8
Energy in Living Systems
Directly or indirectly, almost all of the energy in living systems needed for metabolism comes from the ____________
sun

6. building breaking light chemical glucose food starch stems roots
Section 1 Energy and Living Things
Chapter 8
building
Metabolism involves either __________ molecules or ____________ down molecules in which energy is stored.
Photosynthesis is the process by which ___________ energy is converted to _____________ energy
This chemical energy is stored in the organic compound _____________, which is a plant’s _______
Often, plants convert glucose to ___________, which can be stored in ________ and ________ for later use
Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called ___________________
breaking
light
chemical
glucose
food
starch
stems
roots
autotrophs

7. Equation for Photosynthesis
Light Energy
6CO H > C6H O2
Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen
What are the reactants?
What are the products?
Which substance acts a catalyst?
Carbon dioxide and water
Glucose and oxygen
Light energy

8. consume heterotrophs grass rabbits Chapter 8
Section 1 Energy and Living Things
Chapter 8
The chemical energy in organic compounds can be transferred to other organic compounds or to organisms that _______________ food.
Organisms that must get energy by consuming other organisms are called ____________________
Examples…
Rabbits consume ____________
A fox consumes _____________
consume
heterotrophs
grass
rabbits

9. break used cellular respiration usable ATP
Both plants and animals need a way to ___________ down their food so that it can be _______ to carry out cellular activities
Organisms do so in a process called _____________ _______________
This process converts the chemical energy stored in glucose or starch into a _____________ form of energy called _________
break
used
cellular
respiration
usable
ATP

10. Cellular Respiration Equation
enzymes
C6H12O O > 6C H2O energy
glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water ATP
What are the reactants?
What are the products?
Which substance acts as a catalyst?
glucose and oxygen
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
enzymes

11. Cellular Respiration Equation
enzymes
C6H12O O > 6C H2O energy
glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water ATP
How are the equations for cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?
The reactants and products are reversed

12. Circle of Life
plant animal O2
CO2

13. Transfer of Energy to ATP
Section 1 Energy and Living Things
Transfer of Energy to ATP
When cells break down food molecules, some of the energy in the molecules is released as _______, while the remaining energy is stored in ATP.
Like money, ATP is a portable form of energy __________ inside cells
It delivers energy wherever energy is needed in a cell
heat
“currency”

14. Section 1 Energy and Living Things
Breakdown of Starch

15. Section 1 Energy and Living Things
ATP
adenosine
ATP, which stands for ______________ ________________, is actually a ___________ with __________ extra energy-storing phosphate groups.
What are the three basic parts of a nucleotide?
triphosphate
nucleotide
two
Phosphate group
Sugar
Nitrogenous base

16. Nitrogenous base (adenine)
So ATP is made up of a….
________________
______ phosphate groups
Sugar (ribose)
Nitrogenous base (adenine) 3

17. Where is energy stored in ATP?
Section 1 Energy and Living Things
Where is energy stored in ATP?
Energy is released when the bonds that hold the phosphate groups together are _____________
The removal of a phosphate group from ATP produces ADP, which stands for ______________ __________________
H2O + ATP  ADP + P + energy
In the bonds between the phosphates
hydrolyzed
adenosine
diphosphate

18. Section 1 Energy and Living Things
ATP Releases Energy

19. Chapter 8.2 Photosynthesis occurs in three stages
Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
Photosynthesis occurs in three stages
Stage 1 Energy is _____________ from sunlight.
Stage 2 Light energy is converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in _____ and the electron carrier molecule ________.
Stage 3 The chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of _________ ___________, using ____.
captured
ATP
NADPH
organic
CO2
compounds

20. These stages occur in different parts of the _________________
Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
These stages occur in different parts of the _________________
chloroplast
Each green stack inside the chloroplast is called a _______ The grana are made up of individual _____________ which have their own membranes called ______________ membranes
granum
thylakoids
thylakoid
granum

21. Photosynthesis Chapter 8.2 Stages 1 & 2 occur in the ___________
Section 2 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
Stages 1 & 2 occur
in the ___________
______________, while stage 3 occurs outside of the grana in the space called the ___________
thylakoid
membrane
stroma

22. Stage One: Capture of Light Energy
Chapter 8.2
Section 2 Photosynthesis
Stage One: Capture of Light Energy
Sunlight contains a mixture of all the _______________ (colors) of visible light
When sunlight passes through a _________, the prism separates the light into different colors.
wavelengths
prism

23. Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
According to increasing frequency, the wavelengths are…
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Hint…
_______________
ROYGBIV
Increasing frequency (energy)

24. Wavelengths that are seen are ________________
reflected
Wavelengths that are seen are ________________
Think of mirror…what is the image called that you see?
Wavelengths that are not seen are __absorbed____________
Leaves contain light-absorbing substances called ______________________
Chlorophyll ____
__________________
reflection
absorbed
pigments a b
carotenoids

25. Chapter 8.2 What colors do chlorophyll b and a absorb?
Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
What colors do chlorophyll b and a absorb?
Violet, blue, orange and red

26. Chapter 8.2 So chlorophyll reflects… Green and yellow
Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
So chlorophyll reflects…
Green and yellow

27. Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
These pigments are embedded in the _____________ membrane which surround the _________
When light strikes the membrane, energy is transferred to _____________ in chlorophyll molecules
This energy transfer causes the electrons to jump to a _________ energy level.
thylakoid
grana
electrons
higher

28. Section 2 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8.2
What colors do carotenoids reflect that chlorophyll does not?
orange and red….fall colors

29. When electrons are at the lowest energy level they are at the _________ state
When they absorb energy, they become ___________ and move to __________ energy levels
Plants first ____________ the sun’s energy when electrons in their chlorophyll molecules absorb its wavelengths
ground
excited
higher
capture

30. Excited electrons eventually move back _______ to the ground state
As they do, they release their absorbed ________
down
energy

31. Question 1
What molecule that contains chemical energy is produced in photosynthesis?
A. O2
B. CO2
C. C6H12O6
D. H20

32. Question 2 What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs – make their own food
Heterotrophs – must consume food

33. Question 3
Which scientist determined that the process of photosynthesis requires light?
A. Jan van Helmont
B. Joseph Priestley
C. Jan Ingenhousz

34. Question 4 An ATP molecule is a nucleotide with two more…
A. Nitrogenous bases
B. Phosphate groups
C. Sugars
D. Glycerol molecules

35. Question 5 Do chlorophyll molecules reflect or absorb green light?

36. Question 6
In order of increasing frequency, what do the first letter of each color in visible light spell?
ROYGBIV