1. 27.2
Imperialism
Nigeria

2. New Period of Imperialism
18th – 19th century differed from 15th – 16th
Earlier Imp. did not penetrated interior of Africa and Asia
New period demands economic, political and cultural changes
Four forms of Imp.
1. Colony
2. Protectorate
3. Sphere of influence
4. Economic
Two methods of management
Indirect and direct control

3. Forms of Imperialism Pg. 780
Colony
Country or territory governed internally by foreign power
Example Somaliland (French colony)
Protectorate
Country or territory with own internal government but controlled by outside power
British and Niger River delta
Sphere of Influence
Area claimed by outside power for investment and trading privileges
Liberia controlled by the United States
Economic Imperialism
Independent, but less-developed country controlled by “private” business – not governments
Dole Fruit company and pineapple trade in Hawaii

4. Management Methods Indirect Control
Relied on existing local officials
Limited self-rule
Goal: develop future leaders
Gov. based on European styles
Ex. British in Nigeria, India, Burma
Ex. U.S. colonies in Philippines
Direct Control
Paternalism: Euros governed like a parent
Foreign officials rule
No self-rule
Goal: Assimilation
Ex. French colonies (Somaliland and Vietnam)
Ex. German colonies (East Africa)
Ex. Portuguese colonies (Angola)

5. Assimilation vs. Acculturation
Assimilation: the process through which people lose their differentiating traits to a dominant culture
French used policy
U.S. and American Indian
Acculturation: process by which a minority cultural adopts certain customs and attitudes of the majority, but manages to stay a distinct, although, altered, society.

6. Nigeria and Britain
G.B. gains control through diplomacy and military means
B.C. gives G.B. control of Niger River Delta
Royal Niger Company
Gains control over palm-oil trade
1914 gains total control of Nigeria
Managing Nigeria
Not easy due to cultural diversity (493 languages)
250 different ethnic groups
British turn to indirect rule

7. African Resistance Lack of weapons = unequal fight
Active military resistance and religious movements
unsuccessful
Algeria’s (north west Africa) 50-year resistance of France
Mandingo Empire vs. France
Led by Samori Toure’
Fought France for 16 years
German East Africa and Maji Maji rebellion
“Magic water” protected fighters
German machine guns killed thousands
Germans change policy due to massacre

8. Ethiopia Only nation to effectively resist Menelik II emperor
Pits Italy, France and England against each other
Buys weapons from France and Russia
Declares war with Italy after finding differences in wording within their treaty
Battle of Adowa 1896
Ethiopian forces defeat Italians
Keep independence