1. Chapter 3 Trashball

2. 1. What description best matches: ionic bonds?
A. different number of these in ions
B. a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
C. partial electrical charge unevenly distributed.
D. a full outer electron level
E. occur between ions of opposite charges

3. E. occur between ions of opposite charges

4. 2. What description best matches: Stable atom
A. different number of these in ions
B. a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
C. partial electrical charge unevenly distributed.
D. a full outer electron level
E. occur between ions of opposite charges

5. D. as full outer electron level

6. 3. What description best matches: polar molecule?
A. different number of these in ions
B. a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
C. partial electrical charge unevenly distributed.
D. a full outer electron level
E. occur between ions of opposite charges

7. C. electrical charge unevenly distributed.

8. 4. Attraction between substances of the same kind is called
A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. polarity
D. gravity

9. 5.
B. cohesion

10. Attraction between different substances is called
A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. polarity
D. gravity

11. A. adhesion

12. 6.
Water stores heat much longer than other substances do, allowing organisms to
A. heat themselves through evaporation
B. maintain a stable internal temperature
C. dissolve nonpolar compounds
D. maintain surface tension

13. B. maintain a stable internal temperature

14. 7. An excess of hydronium ions is? A. an acid B. a base C. neutral
D. an ion

15. A. an acid

16. 8. Bases A. Drain cleaner is an example
B. form extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
C. have a pH above 7
D. All of the above

17. D. All of the above

18. 9. What is the description that best describes: neutral pH
A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed
B. prevent pH changes in a solution
C. dissolve best in water
D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

19. D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

20. 10. What is the description that best describes: buffer
A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed
B. prevent pH changes in a solution
C. dissolve best in water
D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

21. B. prevent pH changes in a solution

22. 11. What is the description that best describes: solution
A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed
B. prevent pH changes in a solution
C. dissolve best in water
D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

23. A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed

24. 12. What is the description that best describes: lipids?
A. building block of proteins
B. repel water
C. a molecular chain of nucleotides
D. starch. Cellulose, monosaccharides
E. plays a key role in the manufacture of proteins

25. B. repel water

26. 13. What is the description that best describes: polysaccaharides?
A. building block of proteins
B. repel water
C. a molecular chain of nucleotides
D. carbohydrates: starch, cellulose, and glycogen
E. plays a key role in the manufacture of proteins

27. D. Carbohydrates: starch, cellulose, and glycogen

28. 14. What is the description that best describes: amino acids?
A. building block of proteins
B. repel water
C. a molecular chain of nucleotides
D. starch, cellulose, and glycogen
E. plays a key role in the manufacture of proteins

29. A. building block of proteins

30. 15. DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides, which contain
A. a sugar, a base, and phosphate group
B. a sugar, an acid, and phosphate group
C. ATP, a base, and phosphate group
D. amino acids

31. A. a sugar, a base, and phosphate group

32. 16. Which of the following is not a lipid? A. wax B. steroid hormone
C. ATP
D. fat

33. C. ATP

34. 17.
Which of the following carbohydrates provides energy for living things?
A. cellulose
B. chitin
C. fiber
D. starch

35. D. starch

36. 18. Protein folding determines the
A. the primary structure of proteins
B. the secondary structure of proteins
C. the amino acid sequence
D. all of the above

37. B. the secondary structure

38. 19. Each amino acids unique properties are due to its A. side group
B. peptide bonds
C. amino group
D. carboxyl group

39. A. side group

40. 20. What is the description that best describes: substrate
A. ability to move or change matter
B. substance that an enzyme acts on
C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction
D. newly formed substances
E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

41. B. substance that an enzyme acts on

42. 21. What is the description that best describes: reactants
A. ability to move or change matter
B. substance that an enzyme acts on
C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction
D. newly formed substances
E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

43. E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

44. 22. What is the description that best describes: activation energy
A. ability to move or change matter
B. substance that an enzyme acts on
C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction
D. newly formed substances
E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

45. C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction

46. 23. What is the description that best describes: energy
A. ability to move or change matter
B. substance that an enzyme acts on
C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction
D. newly formed substances
E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

47. A. ability to move or change matter

48. 24. What is the description that best describes: products
A. ability to move or change matter
B. substance that an enzyme acts on
C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction
D. newly formed substances
E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

49. D. newly formed substances

50. 25. A reactant binds to an enzyme on the enzyme’s A. substrate
B. surface
C. active site
D. lock and key

51. C. active site

52. 26. The energy needed for your metabolism comes from A. enzymes
B. cellulose
C. the food you eat
D. all the above

53. C. the food you eat

54. 27. Enzyme activity is affected by A. temperature
B. any factor affecting the shape of the
enzyme
C. pH
D. all of the above

55. D. all of the above

56. 28. An enzyme A. provides extra energy for a reaction
B. lowers the activation energy of a reaction
C. eliminates the activation energy of a
reaction
D. allows only irreversible reactions to occur

57. B. Lowers the activation energy

58. 29. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in your body would
A. happen to quickly
B. occur at much that same rate as they do now
C. require a different pH
D. occur to slowly to support life processes

59. D. occur to slowly to support life processes

60. 30.
The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means is a(n)
A. element
B. atom
C. molecule
D. electron

61. B. atom

62. 31.
The bonds that link the H and O atoms inside a water molecule are called
A. covalent bonds
B. hydrogen bonds
C. ionic and covalent bonds
D. covalent and hydrogen bonds

63. A. covalent bonds

64. 32. The bonds between water molecules are called
A. covalent
B. hydrogen
C. covalent
D. ionic

65. B. Hydrogen bonds

66. 33. An atom is called an ion when it has
A. either lost or gained electrons
B. either gained or lost protons
C. more neutrons that protons
D. lost its nucleus

67. A. either lost or gained electrons

68. 34. A solution is a mixture of A. polar and nonpolar substances
B. protons and neutrons
C. unevenly distributed substances
D. evenly distributed substances

69. D. evenly distributed substances

70. 35. Water is ____, therefore ___ substances dissolve in it
A. polar, nonpolar
B. polar, polar
C. nonpolar, polar
D. nonpolar, nonpolar

71. B. polar, polar

72. 36.
In a chemical reaction, the amount of energy going in is _______ the amount of energy coming out.
A. less than
B. more than
C. equal to
D. none of the above

73. C. Equal to

74. 37. Without energy, organisms could not A. maintain homeostasis
B. carry out chemical reactions
C. make their own food
D. all of the above

75. D. all of the above

76. 38. All of the basic units of most biomolecules contain A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. carbon
D. amino acids

77. C. carbon

78. 39. Compounds are formed when A. atoms of an element
B. atoms of an element gain an electron
C. atoms of the element join together
D. atoms of two different elements join together

79. D. atoms of two different elements join together