1. China
Unit VI

2. Dynastic Cycle Cycle was developed as Chinese civilization developed
Based on the concept of the Mandate of Heaven
Divine right to rule; the gods bestowed their power upon the ruling class; ruler is the earthly representation of the ruler

3. The Mandate of Heaven
Generations go by…..
New dynasty becomes…..
Old Dynasty
Taxes people too much
Stops protecting people
Lets roads and walls fall apart
Treats people unfairly

4. Invaders attack empire Bandits raid in provinces
Old Dynasty
looses
Mandate of Heaven
Problems
Floods, earthquakes
Peasants revolt
Invaders attack empire
Bandits raid in provinces

5. New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
Brings peace
Builds roads
Gives land to peasants
Protects people
The Mandate of Heaven
Generations go by…..
New dynasty becomes…..

6. Chinese Dynasties

7. Shang Dynasty
1650 B.C. – controlled part of Northern China (small empire)
Emperor did not have much power or control
Clans (family groups) controlled much of the land
Society was – Merchants and Peasant farmers

8. Zhuo Dynasty – 1027 B.C.
Overthrew Shang Dynasty – told the people that the Shang’s had angered the gods and they were now the rulers
Established the Mandate of Heaven
Progress made under the Zhuo Dynasty: complex religion, system of writing, first books, produce bronze and make detailed figurines, discovered silk how to make silk threads, astronomical advancement – record eclipses of the sun, accurate calendar

9. China under the Zhuo becomes a Zoo: 1. Many Wars 2. Economic changes 3
China under the Zhuo becomes a Zoo: 1. Many Wars 2. Economic changes 3. Social Changes

10. People search for answers….
Philosophers answer there questions:
Confucius – filial piety
Legalism - law
Daoism – harmony with nature

11. Confucianism Relationships Ancestor worship – filial piety
Superior to Inferior
Ruler, husband, father, elder brother
Subject, Wife, son, younger brother
Superior – takes care of and sets good example
Inferior – owes loyalty and obedience
Ancestor worship – filial piety

12. Legalism and Daoism Legalism – Daoism – live in harmony with nature
Strict laws and harsh punishments to keep subjects in line
Enforced emperor’s power
Daoism – live in harmony with nature
Best government was one that governed the least
Flower Child Kind of thinking

13. Effects on Society Confucianism taught people how to behave
Legalism punished those who would not do their duty
Daoism affected people’s view of nature

14. Qin Dynasty – 221 B.C.
Cruel emperor – jailed, tortured, killed those who did not support him
Made standard measurement – trading improved, created national coins, repaired canals and roads
GREAT WALL!!!!!
Keep out foreign invaders

16. Han Dynasty – 206 B.C. to 220 A.D. Reduced taxes
Developed a civil service exam – decided who would get government jobs
Most advanced civilization of its time
Paper making, wheelbarrow, acupuncture, built temples and palaces, art out of jade and ivory
Open a trade route to connect with the west – Silk Road

17. Tang and Song Dynasty China’s Golden Age – becomes rich and powerful
Developed a social class system
Merchants – low status because they made money off of other people’s work
Peasants – work the land and live in small villages
Gentry – wealthy landowners, study Confucian ideas, civil servants

18. Tang and Song Advancements
Porcelain, improved irrigation, moveable type, paper money, pasta, gunpowder
Improved trade – roads and transportation, connections with other countries

19. Mongols
Ghehgiz Khan – fierce conqueror and ruler, built the largest empire in the world
Came from the deserts north of China
His heirs established peace and order in the empire and gained control of the Silk Road, allowing cultural diffusion to take place

20. Yuan Dynasty – 1279 to 1367
Mongols conquer to Song dynasty and set up rule – Kublai Khan
Improved: transportation, encouraged trade, created an efficient mail system
Mongolians and Chinese were kept separate – Mongols got the government jobs, military positions, etc. (Chinese people – lower jobs)

21. Ming Dynasty –
Restored Chinese rulers to the throne – Kicked out the Mongols
Brought back civil service exams, Confucian learning, improved the economy, improved the government, improved the cities and developed industries, advances in arts and literature
1433 – Chinese people are forbidden to have contact with the rest of the world
Goes to the idea of Middle Kingdom -

22. Manchu Dynasty – 1520 – 1850s
Limit European traders, reject foreign goods and refuse treaties.
1800s nations looked to China for new markets and for goods – China wouldn’t cooperation so they DRUGED them
Opium War 1839 – China had to pay reparations and open ports to British trade
China saw western ideas as a threat to their traditional ways and culture

23. Weak Government – Rebellions
Chinese rulers to weak and corrupt
Loosing the mandate and ready for a new ruler
Taiping Rebellion – 1840s
Lead by a Chinese man in southern China
Peasants banded together to overthrow the government
Chinese government had help from the French and British
After 14 years the rebellion was put down – much of the farmland ruined and 20 million + were dead

24. Clinging to Tradition
External forces (British and French) and internal forces (rebellion) were squeezing the Chinese government
Chinese government refused to change and clung to tradition
Began to build military – warships and munitions
Overall China very weak and vulnerable to FOREIGN POWER

25. Spheres of Influence
European countries controlled investment and trade in regions of China – sphere of influence
U.S. afraid that they would be shut off from China – established Open Door Policy (equal access to all markets of all countries)
CHINA DOMINATED BY FOREIGNERS

26. Chinese Pride
Chinese begin to resent foreign influence and special privileges
Peasants formed a secret group called the Boxers – Society of Harmonious Fists
Boxers campaign – Boxer Rebellion
Rid China of all foreigners and their Chinese sympathizers

27. Boxer Rebellion 1900 surrounded a Beijing European Section of town
Driven out by the foreign military
Resulted in a strong sense of nationalism in the Chinese
Resulted in reforms and progress for a time period

28. China since Mao Deng Xiaoping’s 4 Modernizations
Agriculture
Expanding Industry
Developing Science and Technology
Upgrading Defense Forces
Deng’s Responsibility System
Subsistence Farming
Some freedoms of choice

29. Economy Focused on Consumer Goods Production China’s Economy boomed
Introduced Responsibility System to Industry
China’s Economy boomed
Fasted growing economy
2022 2nd largest economy in world

30. Breaking Isolation
Foreign trade and investment allowed – needed to modernize
China a member of the global economy

31. China’s Challenges Population Human Rights Modernization
Influence of West

33. Human Rights Women Freedoms/Militant enforcement
Treatment of Prisoners
One-Child Policy

34. Modernization China and the 21st century Pollution
Changing roles in society

35. Influence of the West Investment of foreigners Democracy
UN and Human Rights
United States
2008 Olympics
Capitalism