1. THE CONSTITUTION
The Bill of Rights
Amendments 11-19
Amendments 20-27

2. ARTICLE V: AMENDMENTS PROCESS BY WHICH CHANGES CAN BE MADE TO THE CONSTITUTION
PROPOSAL
Amendments to the Constitution must be approved by 2/3 of both houses of Congress to be proposed
(or)
2/3 of the states call for a national convention for the proposal of an amendment
RATIFICATION
Amendments must be ratified by ¾ of the State Legislatures

3. Constitutional Flexibility
Flexibility – the ability to adapt or change.
Amendment Process – allows the Constitution to be changed (delete, add, or alter) to deal with problems.
Why is this important?
Under the Articles of Confederation, major changes were needed. (Example – power to tax) Required all 13 states, and thus could not change. New process allows Constitution to be changed.

4. Ideas in the Bill of Rights
Civil Liberties – Freedom to think and act without government interference.
Major Debate dealing with the Bill of Rights
- Individual Rights v Society (Community Rights)
- Must balance the exercise of individual rights and protection of society.
- This Debate has played out in public schools, times of war, etc…
Limitations on Rights
- Libel, Slander, Censorship, Rights of the Community

5. The Bill of Rights
Amendment 1 – Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Petition, & Assembly
Amendment 2 – Right to Bear Arms
Amendment 3 – Quartering of Soldiers
Amendment 4 – Search & Seizure
Amendment 5 – Rights of the Accused
Amendment 6 – Requirements for a Jury Trial
Amendment 7 – Rules of Common Law
Amendment 8 – Limits on Criminal Punishment
Amendment 9 – Rights Kept by the People
Amendment 10 – Powers of the States and the People

6. Amendment 1 RAPPS Religion Assembly Press Petition Speech
Free Exercise Clause – Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion.
Establishment Clause – Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion.

7. Amendment 2 The Right to Bear Arms
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

8. Quartering of Soldiers
Amendment 3
Quartering of Soldiers
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner prescribed by law.

9. Amendment 4 Search & Seizure Search Warrants - Probable Cause
- Specific for place, persons, or things.

10. Amendment 5 Rights of the Accused Grand Jury Double Jeopardy
Privilege against Self-Incrimination
Due Process of Law
Eminent Domain

11. Right to a Speedy Fair Trial
Amendment 6
Right to a Speedy Fair Trial
Speedy & Public Trial
Impartial Jury of the State
Informed of nature & cause of accusation
Confronted by Witness & have witness in favor
Right to an Attorney

12. Amendment 7 Rights in a Civil Case
Right to a jury trial in civil cases involving $20 or more.
States have raised amount due to inflation

13. Cruel & Unusual Punishment
Amendment 8
Cruel & Unusual Punishment
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Bail
Fines
Punishment

14. Amendment 9 Powers of the People
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ETC… Amendment

15. Amendment 10 Powers of the States
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or the people.
Reserved Powers
Limited Government

16. Amendments 11-19 Amendment 11 – Suits Against States
Amendment 12 – Presidential Election Method
Amendment 13 – Slavery Abolished
Amendment 14 – Civil Rights Guaranteed
Amendment 15 – Black Voting Rights
Amendment 16 – Income Tax
Amendment 17 – Direct Election of Senators
Amendment 18 – Prohibition
Amendment 19 – Women’s Voting Rights

17. Amendments 20-27 Amendment 20 – Terms of Office (Lame Duck)
Amendment 21 – Repeal of Prohibition
Amendment 22 – Limits on Presidential Terms
Amendment 23 – Electors for the District of Columbia
Amendment 24 – Abolition of Poll Tax
Amendment 25 – Presidential Disability
Amendment 26 – Voting Age
Amendment 27 – Congressional Pay

18. Civil Rights Amendments
13th Amendment – Abolished Slavery
14th Amendment – Civil Rights guaranteed, regardless of race, etc...
15th Amendment – Black Voting Rights – cannot be denied the right to vote on the basis of race.

19. Suffrage Amendments Suffrage – the right to vote
15th Amendment – Black Voting Rights
19th Amendment – Women’s Voting Rights
23rd Amendment – Washington DC & the Presidential Election
24th Amendment – Abolish the poll tax
26th Amendment – Lowered the Voting Age to 18 years of age

20. Presidential Amendments
Amendment 12 – Presidential Election
Amendment 20 – Inauguration Day
Amendment 22 – Two Term Limit
Amendment 25 – Presidential Succession