2. Define the nature and function of communication
Compare and contrast methods of interpersonal communication
Identify barriers to effective interpersonal communication and how to overcome them
Explain how communication can flow most effectively in organizations
Describe how technology affects managerial communication and organizations
Discuss contemporary issues in communication

3. What Is Communication? Is the transfer and understanding of meaning.
1. Interpersonal Communication - communication between two or more people.
2. Organizational Communication - all the patterns, networks, and systems of communications within an organization.

4. Elements of the Communication Process
Exhibit 15-1 illustrates the elements of the communication process. Note that the entire process is susceptible to noise—disturbances that interfere with the transmission, receipt, or feedback of a message.

5. Interpersonal Communication
Message - a purpose to be conveyed.
Encoding - converting a message into symbols.
Channel - the medium a message travels along.
Decoding - retranslating a sender’s message.
Feedback- a sort of verbal or nonverbal reply from the receiver to the sender
Noise - any disturbances that interfere with the normal flow of communication.

6. Johari Window Model
Interpersonal styles which an individual faces when communicating with others.
The Arena- All information necessary to conduct effective communication is known both to sender and receiver. Both are aware of the same feelings, assumptions and data.
The Blind Spot-When relevant information is known to others but not to you. The person in a blind spot will suffer because of not being able to decode information properly.

7. Johari Window Model
The Façade- When information is known to self but not to others. The person may present a false front or ‘façade’.
The Unknown-Neither party knows the relevant feelings, sentiment or information. Interpersonal communication suffers.

8. Nonverbal Communication
Communication transmitted without words
Body language- gestures, facial configurations, and other body movements that convey meaning.
Verbal Intonation - refers to the emphasis someone gives to words or phrases in order to convey meaning.

9. Organizational Communication Networks
Communication Networks - the variety of patterns of vertical and horizontal flows of organizational communication.
Grapevine - the informal organizational communication network.

10. Organizational Communication
Looking at the ways organizational communication can flow
Downward communication - communication that flows downward from a manager to employees. Ex: When managers assign tasks to their employees.
Upward communication - communication that flows upward from employees to managers. Ex: Employees having the opportunity to discuss problems with their manager

11. Organizational Communication
Lateral communication - communication that takes place among any employees on the same organizational level. Ex- team members working on the same project exchanging work related information.
Diagonal communication - communication that cuts across work areas and organizational levels. Ex- Members from different departments communicating on a personal level.

12. Communication Barriers
Selective Perception- Receivers in the communication process selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics.
Incongruity between encoding-decoding- When there is a difference between what has been sent as a message and what has been understood.
Source credibility- Unsure of the origin of the information leading to questioning the authenticity of it ultimately not putting attention to the message.

13. Communication Barriers
Filtering - the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.
Information overload - occurs when information exceeds our processing capacity.
Jargon - specialized terminology or technical language that members of a group use to communicate among themselves.