1. LecturePLUS Timberlake
1.4 Alcohols and Ethers
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2. Alcohols

3. Alcohols
Contain one or more hydroxyl groups, —OH
Named from parent hydrocarbon; suffix changed to -ol and number designates carbon to which hydroxyl is attached.

4. Compounds with Oxygen Atoms
Alcohols -OH hydroxyl CH3-OH
CH3CH2-OH
Phenols
Ethers -O CH3-O-CH3
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5. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Al1
Classify each as an alcohol (1), phenol (2), or an ether (3):
A. _____ CH3CH2-O-CH3 C. _____ CH3CH2OH
B. _____
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6. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Al 1
Classify each as an alcohol (1), phenol (2), or an ether (3):
A. __3__ CH3CH2-O-CH3 C. __1__ CH3CH2OH
B. _ 2__
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7. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Naming Alcohols
A carbon compound that contain -OH (hydroxyl) group
In IUPAC name, the -e in alkane name is replaced with -ol.
CH4 methane
CH3OH methanol (methyl alcohol)
CH3CH3 ethane
CH3CH2OH ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
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8. LecturePLUS Timberlake
More Names of Alcohols
IUPAC names for longer chains number the chain from the end nearest the -OH group.
CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol OH
CH3CHCH3 propan-2-ol
CH OH
CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3 5-methylhexan-2-ol
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9. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Some Typical Alcohols OH
“rubbing alcohol” CH3CHCH3
propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol)
antifreeze HO-CH2-CH2-OH
ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol)
glycerol HO-CH2-CH-CH2OH propan-1,2,3-triol
Anti-freeze
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10. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Al 2
Name the following alcohols:
A OH
CH3CHCHCH2CH3
CH3 OH B.
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11. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Al 2
Name the following alcohols:
A OH methylpentan-2-ol
CH3CHCHCH2CH3
CH3 OH
B. Cyclobutan-1-ol
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12. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Phenols
IUPAC name for benzene with a hydroxyl group
Many are used as antiseptics and disinfectants
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13. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Phenols in Medicine
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14. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Ethers
Contain an -O- between two carbon groups
Formed by a condensation reaction of 2 alcohols to remove a molecule of water
Methanol reacts with methanol to form
CH3-O-CH3 methoxy methane
Methanol reacts with ethanol to form
CH3-O-CH2CH3 methoxy ethane
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15. Ethers Tend to be quite unreactive.
Therefore, they are good polar solvents.

16. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Ethers as Anesthetics
Anesthetics inhibit pain signals to the brain
CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 used for over a century (Morton, 1846)
Causes nausea and is highly flammable
1960s developed nonflammable anesthetics
Cl F F Cl F H
H-C-C-O-C-H H-C-C-O-C-H
F F F H F H
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17. LecturePLUS Timberlake
MTBE
2-Methoxy-2-methyl propane (methy tert-butyl ether) CH3
CH3-O-C-CH3
CH3
Second in production or organic chemicals
Additive to improve gasoline performance
Use in question with discovery of contaminated water supplies
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