1. ANALYZATION FOR PERSUATION AND PARALLELSIM
THE CRISIS
ANALYZATION FOR PERSUATION AND PARALLELSIM

2. Purpose & Audience
Purpose: Thomas Paine’s purpose in writing “the Crisis #1” is to unify the nation to fight against Britain’s injustice and to expose the king as a villain for the way he was treating the country.
Audience: Paine was addressing all of the worn out colonists who were discouraged and weary from fighting (emotionally or physically) against the monarchy. Paine was very influential in changing their minds to a full support of Independence.

3. Imagery
Paine uses imagery in order to get his point across easier to the people. Throughout his speech he compares the king to the develop and other terrible things to justify the actions that he is requesting from the people.
By using the devil as a symbol to represent the king, the people may be more encouraged to fight for the cause. He also repeats this comparison to keep that image in the people’s head. He tell the people that God has not “given us up to the care of devils.”
He tells the anecdote describing the man in the tavern with a pretty child to appeal to the people because they are not only fighting for themselves, but for the future generations.

4. Parallel Elements/Words, Phrases, Clauses
PHRASES: (verbs, prepositional phrases)
“Summer soldier and sunshine patriot”
The summer soldier signed up for the army in the summer time, but then deserted when the harsh winter came. The sunshine patriot was someone who support their country when everything was nice and easy, but also deserted when the going got tough.
“..give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish.
“The far and the near, the home counties and the back, the rich and the poor….”

5. Parallel Elements/Words, Phrases, Clauses
Parallel Clauses: (portions of a sentence that could be a sentence on their own)
“It matters not where you live or what rank of life you hold, the evil or the blessing will reach you all.” (removes “it matters not”)
“…but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death.” (removes the unspoken “he”)
“..but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it…” (removes “if a thief” from each section.)

6. Parallel Elements/Words, Phrases, Clauses
ELEMENTS of PARELLELISM/WORDS
“…so earnestly and so repeatedly
“..a common murderer, a highwayman, or a housebreaker
“…the city and the country”
“..to meet and to repulse…”
words/elements
Element - Series of words
Element

7. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
“but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it, and to "bind me in all cases whatsoever" to his absolute will, am I to suffer it?
“..What signifies it to me, whether he who does it is a king or a common man; my countryman, or not my countryman?”
These rhetorical questions are also saturated with emotional appeal -- one can almost imagine Paine's pure anger in writing this
Paine repeats the theme of slavery in allegiance to the Crown ("bind me in all cases whatsoever" to his absolute will), which is also present in the Speech to the Virginia Convention by Patrick Henry (For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery).

8. PERSONIFICATION
“Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon it’s goods….”
“not a place on earth might be so happy as America.”
“Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER,"
Paine is personifying Britain as a woman, because it adds on to the fact that they are being oppressed by a woman, and will light a fire under the colonists so that they will have the will and want to fight for their freedom and show Britain that they will not stand down and be ruled by a tyrannical government as they had been for so many years.

9. ALLUSIONS HISTORICAL:
"Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER“
Paine is referring to the Declaratory Act of 1766, which repealed the hated Stamp Act but also gave Britain absolute free control over laws governing the colonies.
BIBLICAL:
"Say not that thousands are gone, turn out your tens of thousands; throw not the burden of the day upon Providence, but “show your faith by your works,” that God may bless you.
(James 2:14-17) Paine is saying that the colonists cannot achieve anything by simply wishing for better circumstances. They must take action and fight to make a change and rid themselves of the tyranny of England.

10. ETHOS
"...but my secret opinion has ever been, and still is, that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war...“
"...and I am as confident, as I am that God governs the world, that America will never be happy till she gets clear of foreign dominion.“
“..well give me peace in my day!” “if there must be trouble, let it be in my day that my child may have peace.”
Paine argues that America will succeed in this conflict because it would simply not be right that men with good intentions would fail. He believes that God, being righteous and purely good, would never allow the oppressive British to destroy the weak colonists.
“The far and near, the home counties and the back….will suffer or rejoice alike.”
"Not all the treasures in the world...could have induced me to support and offensive war, I think it murder."

11. LOGOS
The author appeals to logic to persuade the reader that fighting back is the best course of action.
"...but it will not do to sacrifice a world either to their folly or their baseness. The period is now arrived, in which either they [Tories] or we must change our sentiments, or one or both must fall.“
Here, Paine is saying that if neither the revolutionaries nor the Tories want to compromise, they must engage each other in battle. Both sides cannot coexist in America; the people must be either loyal to Britain or independent as a new nation.
“I cannot see on what grounds the king of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us: a common murderer, a highwayman, or a housebreaker, has as gooa pretense as he…”
Reminding the people that the king means as much as any corrupt man to God. That just because he is king does not mean he is above the laws of God.

12. PATHOS
Thomas Paine uses emotional and inspirational rhetoric to instill confidence into the average colonist, and to convince him that war against Britain is necessary and winnable.
"The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.“
"By perseverance and fortitude we have the prospect of a glorious issue...“
“I turn with the warm ardor of a friend to those who have nobly stood, and are yet determined to stand the matter out: I call not upon a few, but upon all: not on this state or that state, but on every state: up and help us; lay your shoulders to the wheel; better have too much force than too little, when so great an object is at stake. “
“Not a place upon earth might be so happy as America.”

13. Anecdote
Thomas Paine uses a short narrative detailing the particulars of an event such as the story of the tavern keeper at Amboy. Paine was disgusted that the tavern owner did not consider his child's interests first when speaking of peace, only thinking of himself.

14. APHORISM
Thomas Paine uses aphorism as a truth described as a pithy short saying. The validity of an aphorism is a product of experience-not methodological testing. Basically, a short witty statement.
"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered”
“…yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.”
“What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value.”
“Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods.”
“…for though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to shine, the coal can never expire.”