1. Plants

2. Characteristics of all plants
1. All are many celled (multi-cellular)
2. Contain chlorophyl/Chloroplasts- Photosynthesis
3. Cell walls.

3. 2 main types of plants (Vascular & nonvascular)
oldest land plants, evolved first
tissues do not transport water
very short- need to stay close to water
moist environments
do not have true roots
water is needed for reproduction
sperm swims from male to female egg.
Ex mosses
liverworts
Video- Mosses, ferns

4. Vascular plants
Vascular plants Tissues are able to transport water to all parts of the plant.
Plants are able to get taller and farther away from water.
Most plants today are vascular.

5. Vascular tissue
Xylem- Transports water from roots to leaves.
Phloem- Transports food(sugar) from leaves to the rest of the plant.
Cambium- makes new xylem & phloem tissue.

6. Used in photosynthesis 6H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C6H12O6
Leaves
Used in photosynthesis
6H2O CO O C6H12O6
Cuticle- Outer layer of the leaf, waxy, water proof & prevents water loss.
Photosynthesis- hyperlink

7. Chloroplasts- structure
that contains chlorophyl.
Chlorophyl is the dominant green pigment of a plant that is used in photosynthesis. .

8. Fall
Leaves change color in Fall because chlorophyl breaks down or is reabsorbed by plant.
Pigments that are less dominant become visible.
these colors have been in the leaves all along
We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll

9. Stomata- Openings on the underside of leaves that allows gas exchange
CO2 - in O2 & H2O - out
Transpiration – Loss of water through leaves (stomata)

10. Deciduous Trees –
Lose leaves in the fall

11. Leaf Terminology

12. Nonflowering Vascular Plants
Tissues are able to conduct water
No flowers
Ex – Ferns, Grasses, Gymnosperms

13. Gymnosperms (“Naked Seeds”)
Most are cone bearing tree’s (pine cones)
Produce seeds inside of a cone
Seeds do not have a seed coat
Also called conifers

14. Conifers – Cone bearing plants
do not lose leaves in fall (evergreen)
Cones – Male soft contains pollen (sperm)
Female hard contains eggs (seed)

15. Pollination – Wind takes pollen to female cone called pollination
A lot of pollen has to be produced most is wasted.
Ex – Pines, Firs, Cedars, etc.

16. Angiosperm – Flowering Plants
Flowers make reproduction more efficient by promoting pollination
Flowers attract pollinators (bees, birds, bat,et)
Not as much pollen is produced or wasted.
Video- Gymnosperms & Angiosperms 2min

17. Sepal –Protects budding flower – Base of flower
Petals – Attract pollinators
Stamens – Male part – produces pollen
Has 2 parts:
1. Anther – pollen producing sac
2. Filament

18. Pistil – Female part – produces egg’s (3 parts)
1.) Stigma 2.) Style 3.) Ovary
Stigma – Top sticky for pollen (hair or sap)
Style – Middle part
Ovary – Bottom part – contains eggs

19. Pollination – When pollen reaches the stigma (top part of the pistil)
Pollen Tube – Forms after pollination. Tube forms to take sperm from stigma through style and down to the ovary to fertilize eggs.

20. Fertilization –
When the sperm reaches the egg and unites with it.
After fertilization a seed forms

21. Seed – contains 1.)Seed coat 2.)Embryo 3.)Cotyledon
Seed Coat – outer protective coat

22. Embryo Embryo – undeveloped plant (baby)
- has 2 parts 1.)Epicotyl 2.) Hypocotyl
Epicotyl – top part of embryo that forms the leaves
Hypocotyl – forms the root and stem of the embryo
Cotyledon – contains the stored food for the embryo
the embryo uses the food in the cotyledons to grow until it can produce food by photosynthesis

23. Dormant – seed not growing
Germination – when conditions become suitable for growth and the embryo starts to grow inside a seed. (right amount of water, temp, etc.)
Video- Life cycle of flowering plants 5min

24. Poison Ivy

29. Poison Ivy
Poison Ivy is a woody shrub or vine with hairy looking roots.
All parts are toxic.
Toxin is an oil.
Causes skin reaction
Reaction can vary in severity from people to people and year to year.

30. Treatment
Wash well with soap A.S.A.P.
Change clothes and wash them.
Identification
3 divided leaves.
Center leaflet is on a longer stem.
Leaves alternate on the stem.
Mature plants have white waxy berries.

32. Poison Ivy
Spring

33. Summer

34. Fall

35. It creeps

36. In Vines on tree’s

37. Where does it grow?

38. On the Ground

39. Beach