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Study of Biology
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2. What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things
Living things are called organisms

3. All Living Things Share Common Characteristics
Cells
Reproduce
Genetic Code (DNA)
Grow & Develop
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4. Common Characteristics
Obtain & Use Materials & Energy
Respond To Their Environment
Maintain A Stable Internal Environment
AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time
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5. Characteristics of Organisms
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6. All Organisms are made of Cells
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Facts About Cells
Cells are the smallest living unit
All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell
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More Cell Facts
Cells are complex & highly organized
Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs
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More Cell Facts
The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes
DO NOT have a nucleus Bacteria are examples
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More Cell Facts
Complex cells are called Eukaryotes
These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
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11. Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells
Unicellular Organisms
One Cell
Multicellular Organisms
Many, Specialized Cells
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Organisms Reproduce
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13. Two Types of Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Involves 2 parents
Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE
Offspring DIFFERENT from parents
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14. Two Types of Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Involves a single organism or cell
Cell divides
Offspring IDENTICAL to parent
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15. Cells Have a Genetic Code
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Genetic Code
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms
All organisms contain DNA
DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work
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17. Organisms Grow & Develop
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Growth & Development
Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism
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19. Cells Require Food & Energy
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Metabolism
Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
All require energy
Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth
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Metabolism
Cellular Respiration
Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods
6O2 + C6H12O CO2 + 6H2O
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22. Organisms Respond to Stimuli
(Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce
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Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life
Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.
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Living Things Evolve
Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments.
Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms
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25. Life is Organized on Several Levels
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Levels
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells – life starts here
Tissues
Organs
System
Organism
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Levels
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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