2. Q1
A small bucket of water warms up faster than a larger bucket of water.
Since E = m c ∆θ
the quantity of thermal energy transferred
is directly proportional to the mass
Also, a larger bucket of water has a greater surface area facing the sunshine , so it will absorb more infra red radiation.

3. Q2
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is far greater than the SHC of lead.
Take a 1 kg mass of each metal and compare the energy required to
increase its temperature by 1C.
For lead: J
For Aluminium: J

4. bi. Heat transferred to Al: E = m c θ = 0.20 x 900 x (40-15)
= J

5. bi. Heat transferred to Al: E = m c θ = 0.20 x 900 x (40-15)
= J
bi. Heat transferred to water: E = m c θ = x x (40-15)
= 42,000 J

6. bi. Heat transferred to Al: E = m c θ = 0.20 x 900 x (40-15)
= J
bi. Heat transferred to water: E = m c θ = x x (40-15)
= 42,000 J
bi. Heat transferred to both: ,000 J J = 46,500 J

7. c. Heat transferred to Cu: E = m c θ = 20 x 385 x (55-15)
= 308,000 J
Heat transferred to water: E = m c θ = 150 x x (55-15)
= 25,200,000 J
Heat transferred to both: ,200,000 J ,000 J
= 25,508,000 J

8. Radiant heaters use electricity during the day, and heat up quickly.
Electrical energy is used to heat up resistance wire until it glows red hot
and emits infra red radiation.
They are not cheap to run and store very little thermal energy.

9. Oil in a metal tin can
Assume:
work done by electricity (ITV) = increase in thermal energy store of oil (mc ∆θ)
Measure the mass of oil (m), the start temperature, the final temperature after 300s ( 5 min) and then calculate the temperature rise ∆θ.
Record the current I in amperes and the potential difference V in volts. Sub into eqtn.