1. Anatomy and Body Mechanics

2. Anatomy vs Physiology
Anatomy: describes the bodily “structure” of humans, animals, and other living organisms. Ie. The heart and its parts
Physiology: describes “how the body works”. Ie. How the heart functions.

3. Anatomical Position
Common starting point form which we can view, describe, and analyze body parts and body movements
Person is standing erect; head, toes, eyes pointing forward
Feet are together and arms are slightly out to the side
Palms of the hands are facing forward

4. Anatomical Position

5. Describing Positions and Relationships
Anterior: front of body
Posterior: back of body
Superior: above or toward your head
Inferior: below or toward your feet

6. Describing Positions and Relationships con’t
Medial: closer to the midline
Lateral: further from the midline
Proximal: portions of limbs closer to the body
Distal: portions of limbs further from the body

7. Anatomical Positions

8. Mobility Musculoskeletal system Muscles Skeleton
Provides the framework for the body and allows it to move

9. Bones There are 206 bones in the body 5 types of bones
Long bones – weight bearing (leg bones)
Short bones – allow skill and ease of movement (wrist, fingers, ankles, toes)
Flat bones – protect organs (ribs, skull, pelvic bones, and shoulder blades)
Irregular bones – allow various degrees of movement and flexibility
Sesamoid bones: small, flat bones wrapped in tendons (patella)

10. Role of the Skeleton
Support and Movement – frame to which our muscles and organs attach
Protection – it is our body’s armour. (ie. Skull protects your brain)
Blood Cell Factory – our bone marrow creates our blood cells
Warehouse – bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphate which are essential for bone formation

11. Anatomy of a Long Bone In the bones we find such things as a:
A Medullary cavity – contains bone marrow (Where white blood cells are manufactured)
Cartilage – protects end of long bones within joints
Periosteum – connective tissue that covers the entire length of the bone. Ligaments and tendons connect to bone through this lining

12. Anatomy of a Long Bone

14. Joints The point at which two or more bones meet allowing for movement
Ball and socket joints allow for movement in all directions (ie. hip, shoulder)
Hinge joints allow for movement in one direction (ie. fingers)
Pivot joints allow turning from side to side (ie. head and neck)

15. Muscles More than 500 muscles in the body Voluntary Involuntary
can be consciously controlled
Attached to bone = voluntary
Ie. Biceps, quadriceps, etc.
Involuntary
Work automatically
Cannot be consciously controlled
Ie. Cardiac (heart) muscles

16. Muscles (2) Contraction of muscles burns food for energy
Results in a production of heat
The greater the muscular activity, the greater amount of heat that is produced
Shivering – a type of rapid muscle contraction by which the body produces heat when exposed to cold

17. Ligaments and Tendons
Ligaments connect bone to bone. (ie. ACL in your knee)
Tendons connect bone to muscle (ie. achilles tendon)

18. Nervous System Controls, directs, and coordinates body function
Controls sensation (touch, smell, hearing, sight)
Two main divisions
Central (CNS) – brain and spinal cord
Peripheral (PNS) – nerves that go to rest of body
Nerves conduct impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
Nerves can be easily damaged and they take a long time to heal

20. Body Mechanics
Refers to movement of body in an efficient and careful manner
Involves good posture, balance, and using largest and strongest muscles
Important for avoidance of fatigue, muscle strain, and injury
Note: The further an external weight is from your body, the greater the strain is on your body.