1. European Imperialism
Circa 1450, Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal sent ships to explore the West Africa
They brought gold and Africans back with them
It began the trade between Europe and Africa
With new colonies in the Americas, Europeans needed workers

2. European Imperialism European Motives Raw materials/ natural resources
Industrial Revolution
Diamonds of South Africa
Rubber from rainforests in Central Africa
Political rivalries
To be the best and have the biggest empire
Great Britain vs. Spain vs. Portugal vs. France
Belief in European superiority
Racism, Social Darwinism
Ethnocentrism: "The White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipling

3. European Imperialism Other Factors Involved The Atlantic Slave Trade
Technological superiority
Steam engine and railroads allowed easier travel
Quinine to protect Europeans from malaria
African diversity
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Middle Passage: the second leg of the Atlantic slave trade in which horrible injustices were committed against Africans who were to be sold as slaves
groups

4. The Scramble for Africa
European colonial rivalries spurred the meeting of the Berlin Conference (1884)
Split Africa into regions owned by European countries (page 99)

5. Resistance to Imperialism
Africans continually fought of European imperialism
South African resistance
Zulus: trained warriors who fought off British soldiers
Boer Wars: Fights between Dutch settlers (Boers), British, and Zulus for diamonds and gold
Both Dutch and Zulus eventually absorbed into British empire

6. European Imperialism Effects of Imperialism
Increased tensions among tribes and societies
Loss of traditional culture and communities
Loss of lives, particularly from slave trade
African diaspora: scattering of people and culture
Resulted in the spread of African culture to new regions of the world, especially Europe and the Americas

7. Independence Nationalism grew out of European imperialism
European boundaries put African tribal rivals under the same governments
Nationalists called for a movement
Pan-Africanism: movement to unite all Africans based on common heritage

8. Independence WWII weakened European countries (1945)
African independence movements were able to gain strength
During the 1950s and 1960s many new independent African nations were created
Implications
African nations have struggled to maintain stable governments and stable economies
Europeans gave no government training to Africans
Extracting and selling natural resources

9. European Imperialism
The empire began breaking into numerous independent states around the 19th century
Those states later came under the control of European countries
Example: Egypt- Great Britain

10. Egypt & Imperialism Britain and France fought to gain control of Egypt
They wanted control of the Suez Canal
Links the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

11. South Asia Dutch and British
The Dutch and British gained trading posts in Southeast Asia
East India Companies
Silk, spices to Europe
Textiles, foods, etc. to SE Asia

12. British in India
British encouraged disunity among local Indian leaders
Indian grievances with British
Outlawed Indian traditions
Indian princes didn’t like being told what to do
High taxes
Conversion to Christianity

13. British in India British train sepoys Causes of the Sepoy Rebellion
Indian troops serving in the British army
Causes of the Sepoy Rebellion
Rifles greased with pork or beef fat
Required to fight in foreign lands

14. British in India Effects of imperialism British imports pushed
Local industries declined
Had to raise cash crops to afford to live
Improved healthcare and sanitation
Improved transportation
Railroads
Schools built
Development of an educated an Indian middle class

15. Push for Independence Indian middle class wants:
liberty and freedom from Great Britain
To keep Indian cultural traditions
Indian nationalists formed groups
Indian National Congress (INC)
Pressured for self-rule

16. Freedom
Great Britain passed laws limiting various freedoms and rights in India
The Indian National Congress (INC) continued to fight for self-rule.
Example: Indians were prohibited from gathering publicly.
Indian National Congress, 1885

17. Freedom
Amritsar Massacre (1919): British troops opened fire and killed or wounded nearly 1500 Indians
Symbolizes a turning point in India’s struggle for freedom

18. Mohandas Gandhi
Gandhi urged Indians to gain independence through non-cooperation and nonviolent means

19. East Asia Imperialism
During the age of imperialism, the Qing dynasty declined and the Industrial Revolution increased the strength of European nations

20. Imperialism Great Britain wanted to get involved with China Opium Wars
British began trading opium in China
The Chinese became addicted
Opium Wars
The Chinese government asked Great Britain to stop the trade
The British refused

21. Imperialism
Opium Wars
European victory
Superior military technology

22. Reform in China
The Chinese wanted reform, with the hopes of kicking other nations out of China
Learn the western way of life to control foreigners
Rebellions and unrest lasted for half a century
Many were supportive of reform, others resisted it

23. Reform in China The Boxer Rebellion:
Part of a movement known as the “Righteous and Harmonious Society Movement”
Fought against foreign influence in China
The rebellion was easily crushed by a coalition of foreign armies

24. Independence
China became a republic in 1911 (western reform)