1. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2. Properties of Matter
Chemists use characteristic properties to tell substances apart and to separate them
Some properties define a group of substances

3. Types of Properties Extensive- depend on the amount of matter
Ex: volume, mass, amount of energy
Intensive- do not depend on the amount
Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conduct

4. Physical Properties
A physical property can be observed with the senses and can be determined without changing the identity of the substance.

5. Physical Property:MASS
Measures the amount of matter
Example: The mass is 25.4 grams

6. Physical Property: Volume
Measure of the amount of space an object or liquid takes up
The volume of the liquid is 53 mL.
The volume of the solid is:
Length x Width x Height = Volume
5cm x 1cm x 2cm = 10cm3.

7. Melting Point or Boiling Point
Physical Property
A thermometer is used to measure the melting or boiling point of a substance.
The boiling point of water is 100°C.

8. COLOR
Physical Property
The color of the sphere is red.

9. Length
Physical Property
The length of the comb is 41.6 cm.

10. Density Physical Property
Solids are more dense than liquids which are more dense than gases.
Density is found by the formula:
Density = mass/volume
Density is used to identify substances.
Small or larger pieces have the same density.

11. State or Phase
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

12. Chemical Properties
A chemical property indicates how a substance reacts with something else. When a chemical property is observed, the original substance is changed into a different substance.

13. Decomposes Chemical Property
Water (H2O) breaks down into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gas when electricity is used.

14. Flammable, Combustible, Explosive
Chemical Property
Gasoline is flammable and combines with oxygen to burn.

15. Nonreactive Chemical Property
Helium will not react readily with other substances

16. Corrosive Chemical property
A corrosive substance is one that will destroy or irreversibly damage a substance, including living tissue, by chemical action. Strong acids and bases are corrosive.

17. Oxidation Chemical Property
Combines with oxygen to form a new substance
Example: rusting of pipes; iron combines with oxygen to form iron oxide (rust)

18. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Classify the following properties as either (a) Chemical or (b) Physical
Blue color
Density = 2.7 g/mL
Flammability
Solubility (ability to dissolve)

19. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
5. Reacts with acid to form hydrogen
6. Supports combustion
7. Has a bitter taste
8. Melting point = 2.2⁰C
9. Reacts with water to form a gas
10. Reacts with a base to form water
11. Hardness

20. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
12. Boiling point = 100⁰C
13. Can neutralize a base
14. Luster
15. Odor is like rotten eggs

21. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
1. P 9. C
2. P 10. C
3. C 11. P
4. P 12. P
5. C 13. C
6. C 14. P
7. P 15. P
8. P

22. Intensive or Extensive Physical Property
Classify the following properties of water as intensive or extensive.
Liquid at room temperature
Boiling point °C
Mass of 50 grams
Density = 1g/mL
Will not conduct electricity
Volume of 30mL
Which properties above would help most to identify water?

23. Intensive or Extensive Physical Property
Classify the following properties of water as intensive or extensive.
Liquid at room temperature Intensive
Boiling point °C Intensive
Mass of 50 grams Extensive
Density = 1g/mL Intensive
Will not conduct electricity Intensive
Volume of 30mL Extensive
Which properties above would help most to identify water? Boiling point and Density